2.1.4 - acids

• When an acid is added to water a H+ ion is released
• An acid is a proton donor
• A strong acid fully dissociates in water
• A weak acid partially dissociates in water
• A base is a proton acceptor
• Magnesium hydroxide is used to treat acid ingestion
• Alkalis are bases that can dissolve in water to form aqueous hydroxide ions (OH-)
• Amphoteric substances are substances that can act as acids and bases
• Acid + carbonate ——> salt + carbon dioxide + water
• A salt is a compound that is formed when H+ of an ion is replaced by a positive ion
• Acid + metal oxide ——> salt + water
• Acid + metal hydroxide ——> salt + water
• Acid + alkali ——> salt + water
• Acid + metal ——> salt + hydrogen
• Alkalis and metal oxides are both types of bases
• Ammonium salts are formed when acid reacts with aqueous ammonia
• Hydrated crystals are crystalline structures containing water
• Anhydrous crystals are crystalline form that contains no water
• The dot in a formula indicates the amount of water present in a crystalline structure
• Titration:

  using a pipette, measure volume of a solution

  add the solution to conical flask and add indicator

  add other solution into a burette and record volume

  slowly add solution in burette to conical flask drop by drop

  swirl mixture continuously until end point

  repeat until concordant results are obtained
• When using methyl orange in a titration

  acid = red

  base = yellow

  end point = orange