SCIENCE CIRCULATORY

• Circulatory system


  • It transports nutrients (digestive products), gases, hormones, and other materials to and from the cells of the body.
  • Functions in fighting infections
  • Known as Cardiovascular system
  • It also functions in fighting infections.
• Components of the circulatory system

  • The Heart (the muscular pumping organ)
  • The Blood (circulating medium)
  • Closed system of blood vessels
• Heart


  • Main organ of circulatory system
  • It pumps blood to different parts of the body.
• Blood vessels


  • Carries the blood throughout the body
• Types of blood vessels

  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
• Arteries


  • Carry blood away from the heart
• Veins


  • Carry blood towards the heart
• Capillaries


  • Smallest blood vessels in the body
• Blood


  • Carries the materials throughout the body
• Our heart has four chambers with specific tasks to do
• Chambers of the heart

  • Two atria
  • Two ventricles
• Septum


  • Muscular wall that partitions the heart chambers
• Two Atria


  • Receiving chambers of the heart
• Right atrium


  • Receives oxygen-poor blood coming from all parts of the body
• Left atrium


  • Receives oxygen-rich blood coming from the lungs
• Ventricles


  • Pumping chambers of the heart
• Right ventricle


  • Pumps blood to the lungs for oxygenation
• Left ventricle


  • Pumps oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body
• Vena Cava


  • Largest vein, it sends oxygen-poor blood back to the heart
• Branches of Vena Cava

  • Superior Vena Cava
  • Inferior Vena Cava
• Superior Vena Cava


  • Drains blood from the head and neck region to the right atrium
• Inferior Vena Cava


  • Drains blood from the lower parts of the body to the right atrium
• Pulmonary artery


  • Sends blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation
• Pulmonary veins


  • Sends oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium
• Aorta


  • Largest artery, sends oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium to all parts of the body
• Coronary arteries


  • Branches of Aorta that supply blood to the heart
• Valves


  • Prevent the blood from flowing backwards
• Types of blood vessels

  • Artery
  • Vein
  • Capillary
• Arteries


  • Thick-walled to cope with the high pressure of blood flowing through them
• Veins


  • Have thinner walls than arteries
• Capillaries


  • Smallest blood vessels that are just one-cell thick
• What are the two main parts of blood?

  • Plasma
  • Corpuscles
• What are the formed elements of blood?

  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells
  • Blood platelets
• white blood cells


  • Fight infections by producing antibodies and engulfing foreign bodies (phagocytes).
  • Shape: irregular (amorphous) but they are NUCLEATED.
• What are the two types of white blood cells (WBCs)?

  • Granulocytes (with granules in the cytoplasm)
  • Agranulocytes (lack granules in the cytoplasm)
• What are the types of granulocytes?

  • Basophil
  • Neutrophil
  • Eosinophil
• What are the types of agranulocytes?

  • Monocytes
  • Lymphocytes
• blood platelets

  • It is amorphous
  • They are not real cells but they are just fragments of the stem cell in the red bone marrow.
  • Cannot be seen in fresh blood samples because they disintegrate upon contact with air.
• Karl Landsteiner

  • An Austrian scientist at the University of Vienna
  • He discovered the four different blood groups that characterize human populations
  • He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1930 for his work.
• What are the four blood groups discovered by Karl Landsteiner?

  A, B, AB, O