shapes

• How do scientists represent the three-dimensional shapes of molecules?

  They use solid lines, solid wedges, and dotted wedges to indicate bond orientations.
• What does a solid line in a molecular structure indicate?

  It indicates that the bond lies on the plane of the screen or page.
• What does a solid wedge represent in a molecular structure?

  A solid wedge indicates that the bond is coming out of the plane of the page.
• What does a dotted wedge signify in a molecular structure?

  A dotted wedge signifies that the bond is projecting back behind the plane of the page.
• What theory do we use to determine the shapes of molecules?

  We use electron pair repulsion theory.
• What does electron pair repulsion theory state?

  It states that the shape of a molecule is determined by the electron pairs surrounding the central atom.
• What do electron pairs do to minimize repulsion?

  They move as far apart as possible.
• What type of electron pairs are we referring to when discussing molecular shapes?

  We are referring to the outer shell electron pairs.
• What is a covalent bond in terms of electron pairs?

  A covalent bond is a pair of electrons.
• What type of molecules are being focused on in this video?

  Molecules with no lone pairs of electrons on the central atom.
• What is the shape of beryllium chloride and its bond angle?

  Beryllium chloride has a linear shape with a bond angle of 180 degrees.
• How do the electron pairs in beryllium chloride arrange themselves?

  They repel each other and move as far apart as possible in a straight line.
• What is the shape and bond angle of carbon dioxide?

  Carbon dioxide has a linear shape with a bond angle of 180 degrees.
• How do we treat multiple bonds when determining the shape of a molecule?

  We treat a multiple bond as a single bonding area.
• What is the shape and bond angle of boron trifluoride?

  Boron trifluoride has a trigonal planar shape with a bond angle of 120 degrees.
• What does the term "planar" mean in the context of molecular shapes?

  It means that the shape is flat.
• What is the bond angle in tetrahedral molecules?

  All bond angles in tetrahedral molecules are 109.5 degrees.
• What is the shape of a molecule with four pairs of bonding electrons around the central atom?

  The shape is tetrahedral.
• What is the shape and bond angles of phosphorus pentachloride?

  Phosphorus pentachloride has a trigonal bipyramidal shape with bond angles of 90 degrees and 120 degrees.
• How do the bonding pairs in phosphorus pentachloride arrange themselves?

  Two bonding pairs move to opposite sides, while three bonding pairs lie on the same plane.
• What is the shape of sulfur hexafluoride?

  Sulfur hexafluoride has an octahedral shape.
• What are the bond angles in sulfur hexafluoride?

  The bond angles are 90 degrees for bonds pointing up and down, and also 90 degrees for bonds lying on the central plane.