PRELIMS

• What is the primary purpose of a microscope?

  To magnify organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye
• What does the term "Mikros" mean?


  Small
• What does "skopein" mean?


  To look at
• How does a compound microscope differ from a simple microscope?

  A compound microscope has two lenses, offering better magnification than a simple microscope
• What is the maximum magnification provided by a compound microscope?

  1,000 times
• What is the significance of the two magnifying powers in a compound microscope?

  They consist of the ocular and objective lenses
• What does the term "parfocal" refer to in microscopy?


  It refers to the ability of a microscope to stay focused even when adjusting the objective lenses
• What are the major parts of a compound microscope?

  • Mechanical Parts: support and adjust the parts
  • Magnifying Parts: enlarge the specimen
  • Illuminating Parts: provide light
• What is the function of the slide holder in a microscope?


  It secures the microscope slide in place on the stage
• What is the purpose of the revolving nosepiece in a microscope?


  It holds the objective lenses and allows switching between different magnifications
• What is the stage of a microscope?

  The flat platform where the slide is placed
• What do centering screws do in a microscope?

  They allow for precise alignment of the condenser with the center of the field of view
• What is the base of a microscope?

  The bottom post portion that supports the entire microscope
• Why is the base of a microscope described as fragile?

  Because it holds the bulb and mirror, which can be damaged
• What is the function of the arm in a microscope?

  It connects the eyepiece tube to the base
• What is the purpose of stage clips in a microscope?

  They hold the slide firmly in place on the stage
• What does the body tube do in a microscope?

  It is attached to the arm and bears the lenses
• What is the function of the draw tube in a microscope?


  It holds the ocular lenses
• What is the purpose of the dust shield in a microscope?

  It keeps dust from settling on the objective
• How does the coarse adjustment knob function in a microscope?

  It moves the stage or body tube up and down to focus the image under low or medium power
• What is the role of the fine adjustment knob in a microscope?

  It is used to fine-tune the focus of the specimen after using the coarse adjustment knob
• What does the ocular or eyepiece contain in a microscope?

  It contains the ocular lens
• How do objective lenses work in a microscope?

  They combine with the eyepiece lens to increase magnification levels
• What is the illuminator in a microscope?

  A light source required for viewing specimens
• What is the function of the condenser diaphragm?

  It focuses light onto the specimen, concentrating light rays
• What does the field diaphragm control in a microscope?

  It controls the diameter of the light beam entering the condenser
• What is the purpose of the iris diaphragm?

  It controls the amount of light reaching the specimen
• What are the steps to focus a microscope?

  1. Plug in and turn on the microscope.
  2. Adjust the light source.
  3. Place the specimen on the mechanical stage.
  4. Use the scanner objective for initial observation.
  5. Rotate the revolving nosepiece to align the 10x objective.
  6. Adjust the condenser and iris diaphragm.
  7. Use the coarse focus adjustment knob to bring the stage up.
  8. Look into the eyepiece and adjust for clarity.
  9. Use the fine adjustment knob for precise focus.

  10. Center the object and adjust light intensity.
• What should you do when using high power objectives (HPO) on a microscope?

  You should not use the coarse focus adjustment knob
• What is the procedure for using an oil-immersion objective (OIO)?


  A small drop of immersion oil is added to the slide before switching to the 100x objective
• How should you clean the oil from the objective after use?


  By wiping the front lens with lens paper or gauze with 70% alcohol
• What is an ocular micrometer used for?

  To measure the size of microorganisms
• Why must an ocular micrometer be calibrated?


  To ensure precise and accurate measurements
• What equipment is needed alongside an ocular micrometer for calibration?

  A stage micrometer
• What happens if the ocular micrometer is removed from the microscope?

  Calibration must be repeated
• How do you calculate the size of parasitic ova using an ocular micrometer?

  Multiply the ocular division (OD) by the calibrated multiplier
• What should you do if the parasitic ova does not complete the ocular division?

  You can have a range or two values of the size
• What are the main troubleshooting steps for microscope light issues?

  • Turn off/on the light source if it flickers.
  • Check the outlet compatibility.
  • Ensure the cord is properly plugged in.
• What are some important safety notes when using a microscope?

  • Always carry the microscope with two hands.
  • Never touch the lenses with your fingers.
  • Only use lens paper for cleaning.
  • Keep the desk clear of objects and cords.
  • Rotate the nosepiece to low power when finished.
• Why is accurate laboratory identification important in parasitology?

  It helps decrease the prevalence and incidence of parasitic infections