Leprosy

• Leprosy

  Also known as Hansen's Disease
• Leprosy

  Causative Agent: Mycobacterium Leprae
• Leprosy: Mode of Transmission

  Prolonged skin-to-skin contact; droplet
• Leprosy Affected Organs

  • Skin
  • Mucous membrane
  • Peripheral Nerve
  • Testes - Atrophy
• Leprosy: Early Sign - mnemonic: LEPROSY
• Leprosy: Early Signs

  L - loss of sensation

  E - extremities paralysis

  P - painful thickened nerves

  R - redness of eyes

  O - obstruction of nose

  S - skin color changes (earliest sign: reddish-white)

  Y - your ulcer do not heal
• Summary: Leprosy - Early signs

  • L - Due to nerve damage, leading to numbness.
  • E - Caused by motor nerve damage, resulting in weakness or paralysis
  • P - Inflammation causes nerves to swell and become painful.
  • R - Due to infection and inflammation of eye nerves and surrounding tissues.
  • O - Inflammation of nasal mucosa leading to blockage.
  • S - Result from bacterial infection and damage to pigment-producing cells.
  • Y - Due to loss of sensation and compromised healing from ongoing infection.
• Leprosy: Late Signs

  L - large breast (males)

  A - a chronic ulcer contracture

  T - toes and fingers clawning

  E - eyebrow loss (madarosis); eyelids can't close (lagopthalmos)

  S - sinking of nose bridge
• Summary: LEPROSY - late signs

  • L - Potential hormonal changes and nerve damage causing gynecomastia.
  • A - Resulting from repeated injuries and scar tissue formation.
  • T - Caused by muscle weakness and imbalances due to nerve damage.
  • E - Due to facial nerve damage affecting eyelid function and eyebrow growth.
  • S - Due to destruction of nasal cartilage and tissues.
• Leprosy: Early vs Late

  Early - Skin color changes (reddish/whitish changes)
• Leprosy: Early vs Late

  Early - Your ulcer do not heal
• Leprosy Early vs Late

  Early - Loss of skin sensation (anesthetic skin lesions)
• Leprosy Early vs Late

  Early - Extremities paralysis
• Leprosy Early vs Late

  Early - Anhidrosis 
• Leprosy: Early vs Late

  Late - Toes and fingers clawing
• Leprosy Early vs Late

  Late - A chronic ulcer/contracture
• Leprosy Early vs Late

  Late - Large breast in male (gynecomastia)
• Leprosy Early vs Late

  Late - Eyebrows loss (Madarosis)
• Leprosy Early vs Late

  Late - Eyelids cannot close completely (Lagophthalmos)
• Leprosy Early vs Late

  Early - Obstruction of nose
• Leprosy Early vs Late

  Early - Painful thick nerves
• Leprosy Early vs Late

  Late - Sinking nose bridge
• Leprosy

  Diagnostic: Skin Slit Smear (SSS)
• Leprosy Medications

  • R - Rifampicin
  • D - Dapsone (Sulfonamides)
  • L - Lamprene or Clofazimine
• Leprosy Classification:

  Paucibacillary - Non-infectious; Tuberculoid, Indeterminate (TIP)
• Leprosy Classification:

  Multibacillary - Infectious; Lepromatous, Borderline (LBM)
• Leprosy Classification

  Paucibacillary - Tx: RD for 6-9 months
• Leprosy Classification

  Multibacillary - Tx: RDL for 12 months