MINERALS

• Minerals must be naturally occurring
• NIHDO means

  Naturally Occurring

  Inorganic

  Homogenous solid

  Definite chemical structure

  Ordered internal structure
• Anything anthropogenic or man-made is not a mineral
• A mineral could form through precipitation
• Sugar is organically produced
• Pearls are made by oysters
• If geological processes are involved, it could be considered as a mineral
• Coals are not inorganic
• Mercury is the only known liquid mineral
• Allotropism is where there is same composition but with different mineral formed
• Polymorphism is defined as crystallization in more than one configuration
• Polymorphism is dependent in temperature and pressure
• Examples of polymorphs is silimanite, kyanite, and andalusite
• Pyrite is a fool's gold
• The International Mineralogical Association (IMA)is the most widely recognized authority on mineral names and nomenclature
• 35% of the whole earth is made up of iron
• 30% of the whole earth is made up of oxygen
• 46% of the crust is made up of oxygen
• 28% of the crust is made up of silicon
• 74% of the earth's crust is made up of silicone and oxygen
• Table salt or NaCL is also called Halite
• Mineraloids are mineral-like with no definite chemical composition or amorphous
• Ionic bonds is where positive and negative charges balances each other
• Minerals are always electrically neutral
• Van der Waals forces is a result from an uneven distribution of electrons around individual molecules
• Covalent bonds only shares electrons; they do not completely give all
• Metallic bonds, one loses electrons and the other gains electrons