Week 2 Biology Recap

• What are the main substructures found in both plant and animal cells?

  Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and ribosomes
• What additional substructures are found in plant cells?

  Chloroplasts, vacuole, and cell wall
• What does it mean for cells to differentiate?

  Cells develop to have different structures to become specialized
• What type of microscope is used to view cells that are too small to see with the naked eye?

  A light microscope
• How is magnification calculated in a microscope?

  By dividing the size of the image by the real size of the object
• What is the main advantage of electron microscopes over light microscopes?

  They offer greater magnification and higher resolution
• What does resolution refer to?

  The ability to distinguish between two points in an image
• What is mitosis?


  The process where cells divide and reproduce to make two identical daughter cells
• Where are stem cells found in adults?

  In the bone marrow
• What type of cells can adult stem cells differentiate into?

  Blood cells
• Why are stem cells important to scientists?

  They can be programmed to become any type of cell
• What is a common objection to stem cell research?

  That the embryo is a human life and should not be destroyed
• What is a counterargument to the objection against stem cell research?

  A current human life is more valuable than a potential human life