PLATE MOVEMENT

• What is the term used to describe the layer of the Earth located beneath the lithosphere?

  Asthenosphere
• What is the primary process that drives the movement of tectonic plates?

  Convection current
• What are the key characteristics of convection currents?

  • Involves the rise and fall of materials due to temperature and density differences
  • Occurs in fluids (liquids and gases)
  • Drives the movement of tectonic plates
• Which processes describe convection in the provided examples?

  1 (Boiling of water), 3 (Rising of hot air balloon), and 5 (Melting of ice)
• What happens to the density of materials as they are heated?

  The density decreases
• What is the relationship between temperature and density in the context of convection?

  As temperature increases, density decreases, causing materials to rise
• What are the components involved in the lithospheric float process?

  • Blocks/woods (representing lithospheric plates)
  • Liquid/water (representing the asthenosphere)
  • Heat transfer due to differences in temperature and density
• What is the term for the cycle of rising and sinking materials in convection currents?

  Convection cycle
• How does the temperature of magma compare to that of the mantle?

  Magma is less dense and hotter than the surrounding mantle
• What is the significance of the asthenosphere in plate tectonics?

  It allows lithospheric plates to float and move due to convection currents
• What is the primary component of the Earth's core?

  Iron and nickel
• What happens to materials in a convection current when they cool down?

  They become denser and sink
• What is the role of temperature in the convection process?

  Temperature differences drive the movement of materials
• How do convection currents contribute to geological processes?

  They facilitate the movement of tectonic plates, leading to earthquakes and volcanic activity
• What is the layer beneath where the less dense hot molten material rises and sinks?

  Mantle
• What is the upper most layer of the Earth?

  Lithosphere
• Where do lithospheric plates flow in?

  Asthenosphere
• Which material rises?


  Hot
• Which material sinks?


  Cool or cold
• What are other forces that move the lithospheric plates?

  Ridge push, sliding and slab pull
• What is the process wherein a heavier subducting plate pulls down the trailing slab into the subduction zone?

  Slab pull
• What is the process wherein the old oceanic crust becomes heavier and sinks under the new oceanic crust?

  Ridge, push or gravitational sliding
• What is the sequence of mantle convection?

  1. The decomposition of radioactive elements causes heat in the interior part of the Earth.
  2. Heat moves to the core.
  3. Heat slowly rises to the mantle and creates a convection current
  4. Lithosphericheric plates move in the asthenosphere due to the rising and sinking of materials
  5. The process repeats as a cycle
• How does the interior part of the Earth get heat?

  Decomposition of radioactive elements
• Why does convection occur?

  Differences in temperature and density
• What is convection a kind of?

  Heat transfer