THE HISTORY OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

• EARLY TOURISM - involved business trips for trade and religious pilgrimages
• The Sumerians - Innovations money, writing, and the wheel
• The Phoenicians, Greeks, and Romans - They made travel easier
• The Romans - built roads and inns
• TOURISM IN THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD - After the fall of the Roman Empire, travel became hard and dangerous due to poor road conditions and threats from thieves.
• crusaders and pilgrims - during Tourism in the Medieval period only this 2 is travelling
• Tourism During the Renaissance and Elizabethan Eras - The Renaissance saw the rise of travel for education, especially among the British.
• 16th century - young men were encouraged by Elizabeth I to travel across Europe to enhance their education
• 1670 - The term "tourism" was used as early
• 18th century - this practice (travel for education) had become a standard part of upper class life.
• ESPA - The term "spa" comes from the Walloon word
• 1660s - Tunbridge Wells in Kent gained fame as a spa where people used healing waters.
• Tunbridge Wells in Kent - gained fame as a spa where people used healing waters. Over time, entertainment was added, and many spas evolved into resort hotels.
• THE INDUSTIRAL ERA - The Industrial Revolution, starting in the mid-1700s in England, greatly impacted the tourism industry.
• The growth of railroads led to the rise of inns, taverns, restaurants, hotels
• Charing Cross Hotel and St. Pancras Hotel in London, St. Enoch's Hotel in Glasglow, and the Biltmore Hotel in New York City
• History of Hospitality Industry - The earliest guest rooms were parts of private dwellings hosted almost like members of family. In the Middle east and in the Orient, “caravansaries” and inns date back to antiquity.
• Ancient Period - The hospitality industry began with the Sumerians around 4000 BC in Mesopotamia.
• The Sumerians - They were early traders and farmers who created money and writing. Their extra grain led to the first taverns that served beer.
• Laws like the Code of Hammurabi (1792 BC)
• Early Traders - By 2000 BC, Middle Eastern traders were traveling long distances and needed places to stay
• Caravanserais - early forms of inns, were set up to provide food and shelter. However, these inns often had poor conditions, similar to the taverns of that time.
• Empires: 3200 BC to 476 AD - Egyptian, Roman, Greek Empire
• Greek Empire - Beginning around 1100 BC, Greek city-states developed, and Alexander the Great later expanded their influence.
• Egyptian Empire - By 3200 BC, Egypt was unified under a pharaoh. The pyramids and religious festivals attracted travelers.
• Roman Empire - By 146 BC, Rome had taken over Greece and expanded across Europe and the Middle East.
• Egypt was unified under a pharaoh
• some inns on estates managed by slaves.
• Medieval Period - "Dark Ages"
• Roman Empire fell in 476 AD
• The Roman Catholic Church - began providing hospitality to travelers, using monasteries to offer food and lodging
• Early Modern Period - 1600 AD to 1800 AD
• In the sixteenth century, "ordinaries" in England offered fixed-price meals for commoners.
• Coffee houses which became popular in the seventeenth century across Europe, served as social hubs and helped reduce drunkenness.
• Before the 1700s, many innkeepers refused to accommodate certain travelers and sometimes collaborated with criminals
• In the late 18th century, public dining emerged when Boulanger began serving meals in his establishment, leading to a court ruling that allowed public dining rooms to operate in France.
• In 1875, the Albemarle Hotel in London introduced a dining facility, and by then, the term "restaurant" was used to describe a hotel's dining room.
• In the 1920s and 1930s, several important restaurant chains and dining establishments were founded in the United States
• Marriott's Hot Shoppe opened in 1927, along with the rise of drive-in and fast-food restaurants.
• Howard Johnson opened his first restaurant in 1925, and the art deco Rainbow Room opened in 1934 in New York.