humanistic approach

• key assumptions??

  • every individual is unique
  • everyone has free will
  • people should be viewed holistically
  • human behaviour cannot be measured & is subjective
• explain free will?

  • we decide & choose our actions & behaviour
• explain self actualisation?

  • innate drive to achieve our full potential
  • when a person reaches their full potential
  • when achieved you feel ultimate satisfaction
• maslow heirarchy of needs?

  • believed you can achieve sa by going through series of stages
  • 5 basic needs a person has to meet
  • if need before that has not been met, then cannot achieve higher needs

  
• explain focus on the self?

  carl rogers identified 2 focuses on self

  1. perceived self - what you feel you are
  2. ideal self - what you wish to be
• explain congruence?

  • where perceived & ideal self become same/similar
  • become more consistent
  • the greater the gap between perceived & ideal the greater the incongruence
• how to achieve congruence?

  • close gap between ideal & perceived
  • have a more positive & healthy perceived version of self or more realistic ideal self
  • need to receive unconditional positive regard - someone is loved with no expectations
• explain the role of conditions of worth?

  • requirements that an individual feels they need to meet in order to be loved
  • AKA conditional positive regard - praise/approval
• explain the influence on counselling psychology?

  • roger developed client centered therapy
  • client-therapist rapport is important
  • must make client feel comfortable & accepted
  • client encouraged to develop positive self regard & overcome incongruence between their perceived & ideal self
• 2 *?

  1. not reductionist
  2. practical application
• 3 X?

  1. ideas vague & difficult to test
  2. not relevant to all cultures
  3. contradicted by biological approach
• * not reductionist?

  • pro - it is holistic & whole individual is considered so takes everything into account such as complexity of human behaviour
  • con - less likely scientific & cannot study objectively so unlikely to be empirical
  • gives more realistic view of whole individual instead of looking at one factor, thus taking more holistic view & promoting free will
• * practical application?

  • has led to improving business settings where maslows heirarchy is used as a model to improve motivation & productivity of staff
  • helped well being of numerous staff members across various companies which has increased productivity in business industry, thus contributing to economy
• X vague?

  • idea of congruence is to do with individual's thoughts of self & extent to which perceived & ideal which is subjective
  • cannot be physically seen/measured so cannot scientifically test it
  • results will not be accurate as they cannot be empirically measured
  • also causing problems with falsifiability
• X not relevant to all cultures?

  • focuses on whole individual so relevant in western society
  • collectivist cultures (eastern) do not care about individual needs but group needs
  • congruence/free will/sa not relevant concepts in collectivist cultures
  • ? population
  • theories are only based on particular cultures & cannot be applied to other cultures which makes the app have less effective ideas
• X contradicted by bio app?

  • bio shows that this app cannot explain all human behaviour
  • bio suggests that complex mental illnesses are due to specific physical parts of person- not a result of whole person such as free will/sa
  • cannot explain how all mental illnesses are formed & provide treatment for them
  • therefore other approaches may have better explanation of behaviour that can be applied to more mental health issues