L21

• What is the title of the source referenced in the study material?

  Physical activity and health
• What is leisure time physical activity?

  An activity undertaken in the individual’s discretionary time that increases total daily energy expenditure

  
• What does sport correspond to in the physical activity spectrum?

  Any institutionalised and organised practice governed by specific rules
• How is exercise defined in the study material?

  A sub-category of leisure-time physical activity that involves planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movements

  
• What is the definition of physical inactivity?

  The non-achievement of physical activity guidelines

  
• What are sedentary behaviours characterized by?

  Any waking behaviours with an energy expenditure ≤1.5 METs while in a sitting, reclining, or lying posture
• What percentage of adults did at least 2.5 hours of activity per week?

  51.9%
• What fraction of adults are physically active for less than 30 minutes per week?

  1 in 8 (12.8%)

  
• What is a critical viewpoint regarding measuring physical activity?

  Can we accurately measure self-reported physical activity?

  
• What are some reasons for decreased physical activity mentioned in the study material?

  Urbanisation, increased motor vehicle use, and technology leading to more desk jobs

  
• What are some physiological effects of being sedentary?

  Decreased insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, bone mineral density, muscle mass, and HDL; increased fasting insulin, glucose, LDL, and triglycerides

  
• What is the definition of health according to the World Health Organization?

  A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

  
• How much has global life expectancy increased from 2000 to 2019?

  More than 6 years, from 66.8 years to 73.4 years
• What is the change in healthy life expectancy (HALE) from 2000 to 2019?

  HALE has increased by 8% from 58.3 years to 63.7 years
• What does the increase in HALE indicate compared to life expectancy?

  The increase in HALE (5.4 years) has not kept pace with the increase in life expectancy (6.6 years)
• What are the key points regarding physical inactivity and health outcomes?

  • Half of adults are not physically active enough
  • Physical inactivity leads to poor health outcomes and non-communicable diseases
  • WHO estimates over 50% of health conditions are avoidable through early lifestyle changes

  
• What is the relationship between physical activity and health according to the study material?

  There is a dose-response relationship where more physical activity leads to better health outcomes

  
• What courses are suggested for learning more about physical activity?

  SPEX205 and/or SPEX310
• What are the main themes covered in the study material?

  • Definitions of physical activity, sport, and exercise
  • Consequences of physical inactivity
  • Health definitions and life expectancy statistics
  • Importance of lifestyle changes for health improvement