PRELIMS

• What is the artifact known as the Laguna Copperplate Inscription dated to?

  900 CE
• Who decoded the Laguna Copperplate Inscription and in what year?

  Dutch anthropologist Antoon Postma in 1992
• What does the Laguna Copperplate Inscription tell about?

  A cancellation of debt
• What is the Golden Tara or Agusan image made of?

  21 karat gold
• When was the Golden Tara discovered and where is it currently housed?

  Discovered in 1917 at Agusan del Sur and currently housed in the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago
• Why is studying history considered important?

  It provides significant information on how present-day challenges may be addressed
• What are the two types of historical sources mentioned?

  Primary and secondary sources
• What is the difference between primary and secondary sources?

  Primary sources are firsthand evidence, while secondary sources are interpretations of primary sources
• What are examples of primary sources?

  Eyewitness accounts, records, photographs, original documents
• What are examples of secondary sources?

  Journal articles, textbooks
• What are written and unwritten historical sources?

  Written sources include literary works and legal documents, while unwritten sources include artifacts and oral testimonies
• What is content analysis in the context of historical documents?


  • Studying the text of the document
  • Outlining information such as place names, dates, events, and messages
• What is context analysis in the context of historical documents?

  • Studying the author's background
  • Understanding the situation during the time of creation
  • Identifying the purpose of the document
  • Reflecting on possible biases
• What is the title of the excerpt from Antonio Pigafetta that is mentioned?

  Primo Viaggio Intorno Al Mondo
• What are the key points to consider when analyzing primary sources?

  • Perform content analysis
  • Perform context analysis
  • Identify historical significance
• What is the significance of revisiting Philippine history according to Constantino and Schumacher?

  To clarify misconceptions, correct misrepresentations, and focus on the collective struggles of the people
• What is the major lapse in the nation's history as mentioned in the material?

  The heavy influence of American colonial historiography and the Hispanocentric stance of historical resources
• What does the term "people's history" refer to in the context of Constantino's work?

  A history that comes from the point of view of the Filipinos, especially the grassroots
• What does Schumacher believe about studying history?

  Other lenses or frameworks should be used in studying history
• How does the Laguna Copperplate Inscription contribute to Philippine history?

  It is the earliest known written document in Philippine history
• What is the significance of the Battle of Mactan in Philippine history?

  It represents the resistance of Filipinos against foreign colonization
• How did the natives respond to the Spaniards during the Battle of Mactan?

  The natives charged at the Spaniards and used bamboo lances and stakes
• What was the captain-general's strategy during the Battle of Mactan?

  To send a message to the natives offering friendship if they obeyed
• What challenges did the Spaniards face during the battle?

  They faced a larger number of natives armed with bamboo spears and arrows
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Mactan for the captain-general?

  He was shot through the leg with a poisoned arrow
• How did the natives use their environment to their advantage during the battle?

  They dug pitholes to trap the Spaniards
• What was the captain-general's order when the battle turned against the Spaniards?

  To retire slowly while continuing to fight
• How did the battle reflect the broader context of colonial encounters in history?

  It illustrates the resistance of colonized peoples against foreign invaders
• What does the phrase "good shepherd" imply about the captain-general's leadership style?


  It suggests he was protective and caring towards his men
• How many boatloads of men did the captain-general decide to take to Mactan?

  Three boatloads
• What was the initial request made by Zula to the captain-general?

  To send one boatload of men to help him fight against Cilapulapu
• What does the captain-general's refusal to abandon his men suggest about his character?

  It indicates a sense of duty and loyalty
• What was the response of the natives to the captain-general's offer of friendship?

  They refused to obey and prepared for battle
• How did the captain-general's forces attempt to intimidate the natives during the battle?

  By burning their houses
• What was the outcome of the captain-general's order to burn the houses?

  It roused the natives to greater fury
• How did the battle demonstrate the tactical advantages of the natives?

  They used their knowledge of the terrain to set traps
• What does the phrase "fighting up to our knees in the water" imply about the conditions during the battle?

  It indicates challenging and difficult fighting conditions
• What does the captain-general's experience during the battle reveal about the nature of colonial encounters?

  It highlights the unpredictability and violence of such encounters
• What was the significance of the captain-general being shot in the leg?

  It marked a turning point in the battle and affected his leadership
• How did the natives' tactics during the battle reflect their understanding of warfare?

  They adapted their strategies based on the situation and used their environment effectively