Health and safety in sport

• two primary methods of preventing injury

  • follow all rules and apply them fairly
  • use protective equipment and clothing at all times and ensure that all protection is in good working condition
• Concussion- caused by violent impacts to the head ,causes a loss of consciousness - patients monitored
• Fractures- twisting or repetitive stress of the bone urgent medical attention if bone is suspected to be broken
• Dislocation- joint injuries that occur when the bones meeting at the joint are dislodged through impact, twisting or a pre-existing weakness in that area.
• Sprain- damage to ligament crosses a joint. treatment is using the rice method
• Overuse injuries- caused due to repetitive actions or poor technique

  • golfer's elbow as well as stress fractures.
• Abrasions- damage to the skin caused by impacts and collisions. Abrasions are initially treated by compressing the affected area.
• Torn cartilage - are lines the end of bones and can be damaged through twisting actions. Cartilage has no blood supply so it cannot heal itself. Therefore damaged cartilage is normally removed by a surgical procedure.
• RICE

  • rest
  • ice
  • compression
  • elevation
• Anabolic steroids- these illegal drugs used to cheat as it increases strength and recovery from high intensity sports
• steroids are thought to cause severe mood swings when used in large quantities and may cause heart disease in some people. In males there's a threat of testicular atrophy (shrinking testicles) and in females an increase in body and facial hair.
• Growth hormone (GH) - used by athletes as an anabolic agent to increase muscle growth.
• Erythropoietin (EPO)/peptide hormones-auses the body to make more red blood cells. Endurance athletes use these illegal supplements to significantly boost cardiovascular fitness.
• Blood doping- removing blood and then re-transfusing it a few weeks later after the lost red blood cells have been replaced. Cardiovascular fitness is enhanced in the short term but there is a serious risk of infections and illness as a result.
• Diuretics - body to produce more urine ,use diuretics to mask the presence of other drugs such as anabolic steroids. it illegal and cause dehydration
• Stimulants- increase alertness and improve performance in games by reducing reaction time .helps to better transport fat in the blood and decrease the impact of pain.However, caffeine can also cause diarrhoea and disrupt sleep patterns.
• Beta blockers- these help a performer to keep calm and prevent the hands from shaking.
• Narcotic analgesics- these are painkillers that are used to help an injured athlete continue to train and perform in big competitions despite their injury or allow an endurance athlete to tolerate a greater level of pain. This can be dangerous for an athlete as their injury may worsen by continuing to perform.