working memory model

• what did baddley & hitch 1974 propose?

  • working memory model
  • SHORT TERM ONLY
  • suggsted stm is not just one store but number of different stores with different roles
• why do baddeley & hitch believe stm made up of several stores?

  • if you do two things at a time & they are both visual tasks you perform them less well than if you do them separately
  • if you do things at same time but one is visual & other is sound then there is no interference
• draw working memory model?

  memory

  
• function of central executive?

  • controller
  • determines which information is & is not attended to
  • delegates information to other slave systems
• coding of central executive?

  • sensory forms
• capacity of central executive?

  • limited
  • one strand of information
• name the 2 slave systems?

  1. phonological loop
  2. visuo spatial sketchpad
• function of phonological loop?

  • deals with auditory information
  • acoustic store
• name 2 sub slave systems of phonological loop?

  1. phonological store
  2. articulatory control system
• capacity of phonological loop?

  • words that can be said in 2 seconds
  • AKA word length effect
• coding of phonological store?

  • speech based sounds
  • words that have been heard
  • AKA inner ear
• coding of articulatory system?

  • words that have been heard/seen
  • can be remembered through maintenance rehearsal
  • AKA inner voice
• function of visuo-spatial sketchpad?

  • deals with visual & spatial tasks
  • a store for what items are & where they are
• name 2 sub slave systems in visuo spatial sketchpad?

  1. visual cache
  2. inner scribe
• capacity of visuo spatial sketchpad?

  • limited
  • 3/4 objects
• coding of visual cache?

  • stores information about form/shapes/colour
• coding of inner scribe?

  • handles spatial relationships & transfers information from visual cache to central executive
• function of episodic buffer?

  • temporary store for information
  • integrates visual/spatial information
  • maintains a sense of time sequencing recording events that are happening
  • a storage component of central executive & links stm to ltm
• coding of episodic buffer?

  • both auditory & visual information
• capacity of episodic buffer?

  • limited
  • 4 chunks of information
• when was the episodic buffer added?

  2000
• 3 * of wmm?

  1. evidence to support from case study of kf
  2. supporting evidence from dual-task performance - baddeley 1975
  3. supporting evidence phonological loop
• X central executive is abstract & oversimplified?

  • role of ce is essentially same as attention
  • too vague & does not explain anything
  • critics feel that idea of one single ce is inaccurate & there are perhaps several components
  • e.g different ones for decision making & reasoning
  • ? internal
  • it suggests that model is too simplistic as it does not accurately explain all components of model
• * evidence to support from kf?

  • was injured in motorcycle accident
  • was able to recall stored info from ltm but issues with stm
  • his stm for verbal info was much worse than visual
  • had difficulty with sounds but not letters/digits
  • * internal
  • only had impairements with verbal info (pl) whereas his visual was fine (vss)
  • shows there must be multiple stores for different types of info in stm
• * supporting evidence from dual task?

  • baddley et al demonstrated existence of separate parts in model
  • p given visual tracking task & at same time were given 1 of 2 tasks:
  • describe all angles on letter f (vss)/verbal task
  • found it harder to complete task 1 as it involved 2 different components of wm
  • * internal
  • shows that when doing 2 similar tasks our wm is competing for attention of same slave system
  • due to low capacity of each 1 reduces its effectiveness
• * supporting evidence due to phonological loop?

  • pl explains why word length effect occurs
  • we cope better with short words rather than long ones
  • suggests that pl holds info thats said in 2 seconds
  • makes it difficult to remember long words e.g association compared to shorter words e.g harm
  • longer words can't be rehearsed on pl as they dont fit
  • * internal
  • research into pl has allowed us to understand how we are able to remember shorter sounding words more easily than longer ones
  • has practical applications to how memory works in real world