Managing coasts - soft engineering

• What is the main focus of the section titled "Managing coasts-soft engineering"?

  It explains how soft engineering can protect coastlines from physical processes.
• How does soft engineering protect the coast?

  By working with natural coastal processes to enhance beach profiles and stabilize dunes.
• What is beach nourishment?

  It is the addition of sand or shingle to an existing beach to make it higher or wider.
• What is the process of reprofiling in beach nourishment?

  It involves shaping the dumped sand or shingle on the beach using bulldozers.
• What are the benefits of a higher and wider beach created through beach nourishment?

  It provides greater protection to valuable land and property and enhances tourism and recreation.
• What is dune regeneration?

  It is the process of replanting marram grass to stabilize sand dunes.
• Why are soft engineering schemes generally preferred over hard engineering?

  They are more sustainable and often cheaper, despite requiring more maintenance.
• What maintenance is required for beach nourishment?

  Beaches will need more sand or shingle added every few years.
• What is the cost of beach nourishment per 100m?

  Up to £500,000 per 100m.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of beach nourishment?

  Advantages:

  • Relatively cheap and easy to maintain
  • Blends in with existing beach
  • Increases tourist potential by creating a bigger beach

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Needs constant maintenance unless structures are built to retain the beach
• What is the role of marram grass in dune regeneration?

  Marram grass is planted to stabilize sand dunes and help them develop.
• What is the cost of dune regeneration per 100m?

  £200 to £2,000 per 100m.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of dune regeneration?

  Advantages:

  • Maintains a natural coastal environment
  • Relatively cheap

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Time-consuming to plant marram grass and fence areas
  • Can be damaged by storms
• What is dune fencing?

  Dune fencing involves constructing fences on a sandy beach to encourage new dune formation.
• What is the cost of dune fencing per 100m?

  £400 to £2,000 per 100m.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of dune fencing?

  Advantages:

  • Minimal impact on natural systems
  • Can control public access to protect ecosystems

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Can be unsightly if fences become broken
  • Regular maintenance needed, especially after storms
• Where is dune regeneration at Chichester located?

  It is located in West Sussex.
• Where is beach nourishment at Eastbourne located?


  It is located in East Sussex.
• Where is sand dune regeneration at Calgary Bay located?

  It is located in Mull, Scotland.