Pharma Chem Lec

• Who is the instructor for Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1028 LEC?

  Ms. Althea Chritiana Alagao
• What is the study of matter and its properties called?

  Chemistry
• What are the contributions of chemistry to humanity?

  • Investigates molecules as a fundamental science
  • Industrial applications affect daily lives
  • Research leads to deeper understanding and discoveries
  • Helps solve future problems
• What are the branches of chemistry?

  1. Analytical Chemistry

  • Identification and quantification of compounds

  1. Biological Chemistry

  • Chemistry applied to biological processes

  1. Inorganic Chemistry

  • Study of compounds without carbon

  1. Organic Chemistry

  • Study of compounds with carbon

  1. Physical Chemistry

  • Application of physics to chemical systems
• What does analytical chemistry deal with?

  Identification and quantification of chemical compounds
• What is the focus of biological chemistry?

  Application of chemistry to biological processes
• What is inorganic chemistry concerned with?

  Compounds that do not contain carbon
• What does organic chemistry study?

  Compounds that contain carbon
• What does physical chemistry apply to chemical systems?

  Techniques from physics and chemistry
• What is matter?

  Anything that occupies space and has mass
• What are the phases of matter?

  Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma
• What is the definition of a solid in terms of matter?

  A solid has a definite shape and definite volume
• How does a liquid differ from a solid?

  A liquid has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container
• What characterizes a gas?

  A gas has no definite shape and no definite volume
• What is plasma in terms of matter?

  Plasma consists of crystal-like formations resembling loose molecular arrays
• What are the changes of state of matter?

  • Solid to Liquid: Melting
  • Liquid to Solid: Freezing
  • Liquid to Gas: Vaporization
  • Gas to Liquid: Condensation
  • Gas to Solid: Deposition
  • Solid to Gas: Sublimation
• What is the difference between solidification and freezing?

  Solidification occurs under normal conditions, while freezing occurs due to low temperature
• What are the two types of matter composition?

  Pure and Impure
• What are the characteristics of pure matter?

  • Definite composition
  • Definite properties
  • Includes elements and compounds
• How many elements are there?

  118 elements
• What are compounds?


  Combinations of two or more elements
• What is an impure substance?

  A substance that can be physically separated
• What are the characteristics of mixtures?

  • Can be physically separated
  • Consists of two or more elements or compounds
  • Chemical processes are not needed to separate mixtures
• What is a homogeneous mixture?

  A mixture with one phase and uniform composition throughout
• What is a heterogeneous mixture?

  A mixture with two or more phases that is not uniform throughout
• What are the two kinds of heterogeneous mixtures?

  1. Suspension: Mixture composed of large particles
  2. Colloids: Components larger than solutions but smaller than suspensions
• What are the types of changes that matter can undergo?

  • Physical Change: Change in phase appearance without changing composition
  • Chemical Change: Change in chemical composition
• What are extensive properties of matter?


  • Observed without changing composition
  • Examples: Density, color, hardness, melting and boiling points, electrical conductivity
• What are chemical properties of matter?

  • Observed with a change in chemical composition
  • Examples: Flammability, toxicity, acidity, reactivity, heat of combustion
• What are extrinsic properties?

  • Outside properties
  • Mass dependent
  • Examples: Weight, length, volume, energy
• What are intrinsic properties?

  • Inside properties
  • Mass-independent
  • Examples: Temperature, boiling point, concentration, luster
• What are the evidences of a chemical change?

  1. Liberation of Heat
  2. Evolution of Gas
  3. Formation of Precipitate
  4. Generation of Mechanical Energy
  5. Emission of Light
• What are the forms of energy?

  1. Kinetic Energy
  2. Potential Energy
  3. Chemical Energy
  4. Thermal Energy
  5. Electrical Energy
  6. Nuclear Energy
  7. Activation Energy
  8. Ionization Energy
  9. Electromagnetic Energy

  10. Bond Energy
• What is the formula for mass?

  Mass = $p \times v$ (Density and Volume)
• What is the formula for weight?

  Weight = $m \times g$ (Mass and Acceleration)
• What are the three chemical laws?

  1. Law of Conservation of Mass: Matter cannot be created or destroyed
  2. Law of Definite Proportions: Compounds have a constant composition by mass
  3. Law of Multiple Proportions: Ratios of masses can be reduced to small whole numbers
• What is an atom?

  An atom is a basic particle of the chemical elements
• What does an atom consist of?

  An atom consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons
• What are the subatomic particles of an atom?

  1. Proton (+): Positively charged
  2. Electron (-): Negatively charged
  3. Neutron (0): Neutral
• What are the main energy levels in an atom?

  • Shell/Main Energy Level: Orbit-like structure
  • 1st to 4th energy levels