HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF PAINTING IN THE PHILIPPINES

• Historical Background of Painting in the Philippines

  • The history of painting in the Philippines is a rich tapestry that reflects the country's complex cultural heritage, shaped by indigenous traditions, colonial influences, and modern innovations.
• Pre-Colonial Period

  • Before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, indigenous Filipinos expressed their artistry through various forms of visual art. Early Filipinos created intricate designs and patterns on pottery, textiles, and body ornaments. ; Tattoos known as "pintados" by Spanish
• Spanish Colonial Period (1521-1898)

  The Spanish introduced Westen artistic techniques and religious themes, which heavily influenced the development of painting in the Philippines
• Spanish Colonial

  1. Religious Art - Churches
  2. Secular Art - Wealth and Status
• American Colonial Period (1898-1946)

  The influence of American, art became more pronounced with an emphasis on realism and academic art.
• Landscape and genre Painting:

  Fernando Amorsolo (1892-1972) - leading figure during this period known for his romanticized depictions of rural life and his mastery of light. He is the "Grand Old Man of Philippine Art"
• Modernism:

  Victorio Edades (1895-1985)- "Father of Modern Philippine Painting" challenged the conservative art establishment by introducing more abstract, expressionist style. His works depicted the struggles and realities of Filipino life, contrasting sharply with the idealized images produced by Amorsolo and his contemporaries.
• Post-War and Contemporary Period

  Social Realism - Martial Law (Ben Cabrera "BenCab" & Carlos "Botong" Francisco)

  Contemporary Art - Identity and heritage to global issues and personal narratives
• Types of Painting:

  1. Oil Painting
  2. Acrylic Painting
  3. Watercolor Painting
  4. Fresco
  5. Pastel Painting
  6. Ink Painting
  7. Encaustic Painting
  8. Gouache
• Painting Styles:

  1. Realism
  2. Impressionalism
  3. Expressionalism
  4. Abstract
  5. Surrealism
  6. Cubism
  7. Pop Art
  8. Minimalism
• Realism - Focuses on accurate, detailed depictions of life, emphasizing the true appearance of subjects.
• Impressionism - Captures the effects of light and color in a more abstract, often "unfinished" style.
• Expressionism - Uses exaggerated forms and bold colors to convey emotion rather than realistic representation
• Abstract - Moves away from realistic depictions, focusing on shapes, colors, and forms to express ideas
• Surrealism - Combines realistic elements with dreamlike, fantastical scenarios, often defying logic
• Cubism - Breaks subjectsinto geometric shapes, often showing multiple perspectives simultaneously
• Pop Art - Draws on popular culture, often using bright colors and bold imagery from advertising and media.
• Minimalism - Focuses on simplicity, using basic shapes and limited color palettes to create works that emphasize form and space.
• Elements Used in Painting

  1. Line
  2. Shape
  3. Color
  4. Texture
  5. Form
  6. Space
  7. Value
  8. Composition
• Line - A mark with length and direction, often used to define shapes, contours, and outlines.
• Shape - A two-dimensional area defined by boundaries, can be geometric or organic
• Color - The hue, value, and intensity of the pigments used in a painting.
• Texture - The surface quality of a painting, either real (tactile) or implied (visual)
• Form - A three-dimensional object, or the illusion of three dimensions on a two-dimensional surface
• Space - The area within or around objects in a painting, including positive (filled) and negative (empty) space.
• Value - The lightness or darkness of colors, important for creating depth and contrast
• Composition - The arrangement of elements within the artwork, determining how they interact with each other