BIOLOGY.

• What is the theory that suggests life originated spontaneously from non-living things?

  Abiogenesis / Spontaneous Generation Theory
• Who disproved the Abiogenesis theory in 1668?

  Francisco Redi
• In what year did Louis Pasteur disprove the Abiogenesis theory?

  1865
• What were the main experiments conducted to disprove Abiogenesis?

  • Redi's Experiment (1668)
  • Pasteur's Experiment (1865)
• What is the theory that states life arises only from pre-existing life?

  Biogenesis Theory
• Who was Lazzaro Spallanzani?

  An Italian Priest who re-examined spontaneous generation of microorganisms
• What is the Big Bang Theory?

  A theory that heavenly bodies originated from an explosion of a hot rotating ball of gas
• Who developed the Big Bang Theory in the 1940s?

  George Gamow and R.A. Alpher
• What does the Big Bang Theory suggest about the origin of life?

  Life formed from the chemical evolution of different compounds present in primitive Earth
• What is the Cosmozoic or Interplanetary Theory?

  A theory that protoplasm originated from outer planets and reached Earth
• What is the Divine Creation Theory based on?

  The book of Genesis in the Bible
• What does the Philosophical Theory of Eternity state?

  Life has no beginning and no end
• What are the characteristics of living things?

  1. Adaptation
  2. Definite chemical composition
  3. Definite form and size
  4. Metabolism
  5. Growth and development
  6. Irritability
  7. Reproduction
  8. Organization
• What does adaptation refer to in living things?

  Modifications that promote the likelihood of survival
• What are some examples of animal adaptations?

  Migrate, dormancy, hibernate, camouflage
• What are some examples of plant adaptations?

  Thorns, poisons, bright colors, spines, odor, deep roots
• What is meant by definite chemical composition in living organisms?

  All organisms are made up of similar inorganic and organic molecules
• What are the two types of metabolism?

  Anabolism and catabolism
• What is catabolism?

  A breaking down process that releases energy
• What is anabolism?

  A building process that consumes energy
• What does growth and development refer to in living organisms?

  An increase in size accomplished through chemical processes
• What is irritability in living organisms?

  The ability to react to environmental changes or stimuli
• What are stimuli in the context of irritability?

  Factors in the environment that cause an organism to respond
• What is taxis in animals?

  The automatic directing towards or away from the source of stimuli
• What are the types of taxis or tropism?

  1. Thigmotaxis / Thigmotropism
  2. Thermotaxis / Thermotropism
  3. Heliotaxis / Heliotropism
  4. Phototaxis / Phototropism
  5. Galvanotaxis / Galvanotropism
  6. Geotaxis / Geotropism
  7. Rheotaxis / Rheotropism
  8. Hydrotaxis / Hydrotropism
  9. Chromotaxis / Chromotropism
• What does thigmotaxis refer to?

  A response to contact, pressure, or touch
• What does thermotaxis refer to?

  A response to temperature
• What does heliotaxis refer to?

  A response to sunlight
• What does phototaxis refer to?


  A response to artificial light
• What does galvanotaxis refer to?

  A response to electricity
• What does geotaxis refer to?

  A response to gravity
• What does rheotaxis refer to?

  A response to air or water current
• What does hydrotaxis refer to?

  A response to water
• What does chromotaxis refer to?

  A response to color
• What does reproduction refer to in living organisms?

  The ability to produce other living things of their kind
• What does organization refer to in living organisms?

  Parts of living things are arranged in a particular way
• What are the levels of biological organization?

  1. Biochemical
  2. Structural
  3. Physiological
  4. Ecological