sampling

• Sampling frame

  Lists all members of the research population - are used to determine the sample.
• representative sampling

  -random sampling

  -systematic sampling

  -stratified sampling

  -quota sampling

  
  

  -favoured by positivists as data with be able to be generalised & objectivity.
• non-representative sampling

  -snowball sampling

  -opportunity sampling

  
  

  -favoured by interpretivists as data will be detailed so give a better understanding.
• random sampling

  Ppts are selected in a fair, random way e.g., random generator.
• systematic sampling

  Every nth person is selected.
• stratified sampling

  People are put into groups and ppts are chosen from the groups to be in the sample (in a way that reflects how the group appear in society).
• quota sampling

  Ppts are randomly selected from groups - this is done to fill the gaps e.g., need 3 ppts.
• snowball sampling

  One participant is spoken to who then tells the researcher who they should talk to next.
• opportunity sampling

  Whoever is there and is willing/able to take part.
• AO3 - representative sampling

  -large sample sizes.

  -increased validity.

  -timely.

  -increased reliability.

  -increased generalisability.
• AO3 - non-representative sampling

  -increased validity.

  -can access people we wouldn't normally be able to.

  -decreased generalisability.