Unit 2

• What are the four main types of animal tissues?

  Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nerve tissue
• What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

  • Covers internal and external surfaces of organs
  • Classified by function and location
• How are epithelial tissues classified?

  By the number of layers of cells and the shape of the cells
• What is a simple epithelium?

  An epithelium with one layer of cells
• What is a stratified epithelium?

  An epithelium with several layers of cells
• What is the role of the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?

  It attaches the bottom layer of cells to underlying tissues
• What are the shapes of epithelial cells?

  • Cuboidal: cube-shaped
  • Columnar: tall and brick-like
  • Squamous: flat like floor tiles
• What materials do you need to observe epithelial tissues under a microscope?

  A microscope and prepared slides
• What are the six different types of connective tissue?

  Loose connective tissue, fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, bone, blood, and lymph
• What is the matrix in connective tissue?

  A substance that contains cells and fibers, determining the tissue's texture
• Where is loose connective tissue found?

  Around body organs and as a continuous layer in the skin
• Where is fibrous connective tissue found?

  In tendons and ligaments
• Where is cartilage found?

  At the ends of long bones, in the nose, ears, and intervertebral discs
• What is the function of adipose tissue?

  To store energy in the form of fat and insulate the body
• What is the composition of blood?

  Cells in a fluid matrix called plasma
• What are the three types of muscle tissue?

  Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle
• Where is skeletal muscle located?

  Attached to bones by tendons
• Where is cardiac muscle found?

  In the walls of the heart
• Where is smooth muscle located?

  In the walls of internal organs
• What is the structure of muscle tissue?

  • Long, thin muscle cells arranged parallel
  • Capable of contracting and relaxing
  • Contains many mitochondria for energy
• What is the function of skeletal muscle?

  Responsible for voluntary movements
• How does cardiac muscle differ from skeletal muscle?

  Cardiac muscle has branched cells and is involuntary
• What is the function of smooth muscle?

  Responsible for involuntary movements in internal organs
• What are the components of nerve tissue?

  Nerve cells or neurons
• What is the role of dendrites in neurons?

  To conduct impulses towards the cell body
• What is the role of axons in neurons?

  To conduct impulses away from the cell body
• What is the function of nerve tissue?

  To carry messages in the form of electrical impulses
• What are the key terms related to muscle and nerve tissue?

  • Cell
  • Tissue
  • Organ
  • Striated
  • Multi-nucleated
  • Voluntary
  • Involuntary
  • CNS
  • Neuron
  • Sarcomere
  • Dendrites
  • Axon
  • Myelin sheath
  • Cell body of neuron
  • Impulse
• What are the functions of sensory, motor, and interneurons?

  • Sensory neurons: transmit sensory information to the CNS
  • Motor neurons: transmit signals from the CNS to muscles
  • Interneurons: connect sensory and motor neurons within the CNS
• What are microvilli and their function?

  Microvilli are extensions on the cell surface that increase surface area for absorption.
• Where are microvilli located?

  • Lining of sweat glands
  • Lining of salivary glands
  • Lining of kidney tubules
  • Lining of thyroid glands
• What is the function of microvilli in kidney tubules?

  They allow for the reabsorption of useful substances from kidney tubules into the blood.
• What is a secretory function of glands that contain microvilli?

  They secrete saliva from salivary glands and sweat from sweat glands.
• What are the lesson objectives related to muscle and nervous tissue?

  • Define key terms: cell, tissue, organ, etc.
  • Identify and compare the 3 types of muscle tissue.
  • Describe structure, function, and location of muscle tissues.
  • Identify and compare the 3 types of neurons.
  • Draw and label a motor or sensory neuron.
  • State functions of sensory, motor, and interneurons.
• What are the three types of muscle tissue?

  1. Skeletal muscle tissue
  2. Cardiac muscle tissue
  3. Smooth muscle tissue
• What is the structure of skeletal muscle tissue?

  Skeletal muscle fibers are long, cylindrical, multi-nucleated, and striated.
• How does cardiac muscle tissue differ from skeletal muscle tissue?

  Cardiac muscle fibers are branched, uni-nucleated, and have intercalated discs.
• What is the function of smooth muscle tissue?

  Smooth muscle tissue contracts involuntarily and slowly without fatigue.
• What are the functions of sensory, motor, and interneurons?

  • Sensory neurons carry impulses from sense organs to the CNS.
  • Motor neurons carry impulses from the CNS to effectors.
  • Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons.
• What is the basic structure of a neuron?

  A neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, an axon, and a myelin sheath.