DNA structure

• What is a chromosome?

  One molecule of DNA.
• We have 46 lone chromosomes in our cells.
• Gametes only have 23 lone chromosomes.
• What are chromosomes made up of?

  Genes.
• Genes are small sections of DNA.
• What does a gene do?

  It codes for a specific protein that gives us characteristics.
• Where are chromosomes found?

  In the nucleus.
• Each gene codes for a different sequence of nucleotides and for a particular sequence of amino acids that makes a specific protein.
• Describe the shape of DNA?

  Double helix shape, with two strands that twist around eachother.
• What is a genome?

  The entire genetic material of an organism
• What are the benefits of human genome?

  Helps us to search for genes that are linked to a specific disease, inherited diseases and to track human migration.
• What are the disadvantages of human genome?

  Ethical issues.
• What is label A?

  Phosphate

  
• What is label B?

  Sugar

  
• What is label C?

  Base. Could be A, T, G or C.

  
• DNA is a polymer made up of nucleotides which are monomers.
• Nucleotides attach together to form polynucleotides. Two polynucleotides join together to make the classic 'ladder' shape of DNA.
• The 'rungs' of a DNA molecule are made up of pairs of bases. The sequences of the bases is important as it codes for the amino acid sequence in a protein.
• C always binds to G.
• A always binds to T.