Language

• THEORIES OF ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE

  supported by Plato and Pythagoras; speech happens when we RESPOND TO OBJECTS IN OUR ENVIRONMENT and made HARMONY with them

  Ding-Dong Theory
• THEORIES OF ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE

  language began from IMITATION OF NATURAL SOUNDSe.g. moo, meow, splash, cuckoo, and bang

  Bow-Wow Theory
• What century did English become dominant in Britain again?

  14th Century (but with many French words added)
• Who was the greatest writer of the Early modern period?

  Shakespeare
• What is the most well-known book in the Early modern period?

  King James version of the Bible (published in 1611)
• Text Description in Context

  Linguistics: original words of something written, printed, or spoken or any coherent stretch of language
• Text Description in Context

  Noun: book or other written or printed work, in terms of content
• Text Description in Context

  Literary Criticism: original information content of writing; distinguishing original information from what has been added/subtracted
• Text Description in Context

  Information Technology: human-readable sequence of characters and words they form that can be encoded into computer-readable formats
• Text Description in Context

  Literary Theory: any object that can be read; coherent set of signs that transmits some kind of informative message
• a critical, objective, specialized texts written by experts or professionals in a given field using formal language

  
  

  Academic Text
• Text is always linear since it has one central point or theme with all its parts contributing to the main line of argument, without digressions or repetitions
• The main purpose of academic text is to inform
• Academic Text is written in the standard written form of the language
• Academic text includes concepts and theories related to the specific discipline
• Academic text have a STRUCTURED introduction, body, and conclusion
• Academic text includes information from credible sources that ARE PROPERLY CITED
• Academic text usually exhibits all properties of a well written text---organization, unity, coherence, and STRICT ADHERENCE to the rules of language and mechanics
• TYPES OF ACADEMIC TEXT

  • Descriptive: provides FACTS and INFORMATION
  • Analytical: ORGANIZES facts and information into categories, groups, parts, types, or relationships
  • Critical: consider AT LEAST TWO points of view, including your own
  • Persuasive: includes ARGUMENTATION, INTERPRETATION, or EVALUATION of the works of others with the addition of your POV; needs to be supported by evidence
• TYPES OF ACADEMIC TEXT

  • Critical: critique, debate, disagree, and evaluate
  • Descriptive: identify, report, record, summarize, define)
  • Persuasive: argue, evaluate, discuss, take a position
  • Analytical: analyzes, compare, contrast, relate, examine
• FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTlanguage used is longer, it is lexically denser and with a more varied vocabulary

  Complex
• FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTTexts are shorter with more grammatical complexity including more subordinate clauses and passives.

  Complex
• FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTmost of the words used have narrow specific meanings.

  Accurate
• FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTmaking it necessary to make a stance on the arguments and claims you used in your writing.

  Hedged
• FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTEach paragraph leads to the development of the other logically

  Organized
• According to a well-planned feature of academic text, a good way of starting your academic text is by DECIDING ON GENRE AFTER WHICH THE STRUCTURE FOLLOWS
• FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTit is well planned; it involves research and evaluation of the specific purpose of your text.

  Well-planned
• FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTits main emphasis is on the information to be shared and the arguments to be made rather than the personal interest of the writer.

  Objective
• Academic Language is the language needed by students to do the work in schools and is generally found in textbooks, used in the classrooms, or even those printed in the tests and documents
• Well-diverse academic language skills mean better (COMPREHENSION) and (SPEAKING SKILLS)
• Formal Language DOES NOT involve colloquialisms and contractions and NO USE of personal pronouns
• Informal Language is the language used when communicating, writing or having conversations with family and friends
• Informal language is more casual and spontaneous than formal language
• According to (TRUGDILL), (LINGUISTIC REGISTER) is simply a rather special case of a kind of language being produced by the social situation
• According to (HAROLD SCHIFFMAN), (LINGUISTIC REGISTER) is a set of specialized vocabulary and preferred syntactic and rhetorical devices/ structures, used by specific socio-professional groups for special purposes
• A linguistic register is a PROPERTY/CHARACTERISTIC OF A LANGUAGE, and not of an individual or class of speakers"
• Linguistic registers are marked by a variety of (SPECIALIZED VOCABULARY) and (TURNS OF PHRASES), (COLLOQUIALISMS), and the use of (JARGON)
• Linguistic Register (Characteristic) encompass all of how humans communicate with one another in specific parameters
• Examples of Linguistic Registers/Jargons

  Medical Language used to describe components and processes of the human body, medical procedures, diseases, disorders, and pharmacology
• Examples of Linguistic Registers/Jargons

  Legal Language is used by the persons connected legal profession