Was The T.O.V Fair?

• When did Woodrow Wilson become President of the USA?

  1912
• In what year was Woodrow Wilson re-elected as President?

  1916
• What was Wilson's primary focus from 1914 to 1917?

  Keeping the USA out of the war
• What did Wilson propose as the basis for ending the war fairly?

  The Fourteen Points
• What was one of Wilson's campaign promises as President?

  To fight against corruption in politics and business
• How did Wilson's record on African American rights compare to his ideals?

  He had a poor record regarding their rights
• What was Wilson's attitude once he made a decision?

  He was obstinate and hard to change his mind
• What was the public sentiment regarding the peacemakers in 1919?


  There was great optimism about achieving peace
• What did Wilson believe about punishing Germany?

  Germany should not be treated too harshly
• What was Wilson's concern regarding extreme groups in Germany?

  That they might exploit Germany's resentment and seize power
• What did Wilson believe was key to peace in Europe?

  Strengthening democracy in defeated countries
• What did Wilson advocate for small countries that were part of European empires?

  Self-determination for those countries
• What was Wilson's vision for international cooperation?

  To achieve world peace through a League of Nations
• How did Wilson's idealism affect his political decisions?

  He refused to cancel debts owed to the USA to pressure others
• When did David Lloyd George become Prime Minister?

  1916
• What was Lloyd George's political approach at the Paris Peace Conference?

  He occupied the middle ground between Wilson and Clemenceau
• How did Lloyd George publicly portray his views on Wilson's ideas?

  He publicly supported Wilson
• What was Lloyd George's private opinion of Wilson's approach?

  He found Wilson's approach overly idealistic
• What did Lloyd George believe about punishing Germany?

  Germany should be punished but not too harshly
• What was Lloyd George's concern regarding a harsh treaty?

  It might lead to a situation like the one in Russia in 1917
• What did Lloyd George want regarding trade with Germany?

  He wanted Britain and Germany to begin trading again
• What was Lloyd George's view on Germany's colonies?

  He wanted Germany to lose its colonies
• What motivated Clemenceau's determination regarding Germany?

  He had seen his country invaded twice by Germany
• How did Clemenceau view Wilson's ideas?

  He found Wilson hard to work with
• What was the major disagreement between Clemenceau and Wilson?

  How to treat Germany after the war
• What did Clemenceau want from the Treaty regarding Germany?

  To cripple Germany so it could not attack France again
• What pressures did Clemenceau face regarding the Treaty?


  Public demand for a harsh treaty due to the devastation France suffered
• How did the French public view Germany after the war?

  As powerful and threatening
• What did the French people want from the Treaty?

  A treaty that would punish and weaken Germany
• What did Clemenceau know about the British and American positions on Germany?

  They would not agree to break Germany into smaller states
• How did Clemenceau balance his demands with public opinion?

  He had to show he was aware of public opinion in France
• What were some of the demands made by France before the Peace Conference?

  Germany's armed forces to be banned from the Rhine, compensation for damages, and severe limitations on Germany's military
• What was the outcome of the negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference?

  None of the Big Three were happy with the eventual terms of the Treaty
• What was one of the main terms of the Treaty of Versailles regarding war guilt?

  Germany had to accept blame for starting the war
• What were the reparations Germany was required to pay set at in 1921?

  6,600 million gold marks
• What was the Young Plan related to the Treaty of Versailles?

  It changed the terms of the reparations Germany had to pay
• What was the reaction of the German nation to the announcement of the Treaty of Versailles on 7 May?

  They were horrified.
• Why did Germans particularly hate the 'war guilt' clause of the Treaty of Versailles?

  They did not feel they had started the war and believed blame should be shared.
• How did the Treaty of Versailles affect Germany's economy?

  Germany was expected to pay reparations despite its weakened economy.
• What was the limit set on the size of the German army by the Treaty of Versailles?

  The German army was limited to 100,000 men.