Tsars problems😔🧚‍♀️

• Political:

  • Tsar wanted to preserve autocracy
  • Unwieldy bureaucracy
  • New middle class likely to demand more autonomy/challenge autocracy
  • Pressure to reform Russian state
  • Failure to deal with rural problems →led to unrest/rioting
• Economic:

  • Economy backwards
  • Low productivity
  • Lack of free enterprise (Westerners vs Slavophiles)
  • Reliance on foreign investment = Russians not in control
  • Export grain led to famine of 1891 -92 (led to unrest)
• Social:

  • Failure to deal with rural problems: Poverty & unrest, increased peasant rioting 1905 - 07
  • Redistribution of land resulted in a reduction in the size of plots
  • 1891 famine: 350, 000 died →long lasting impact
  • Industrialisation led to urbanisation →public health problems
• What did Tsar Nicholas II want to preserve in 1894?


  Autocracy
• What was a consequence of the unwieldy bureaucracy during Tsar Nicholas II's reign?

  It contributed to the pressure for reform in the Russian state
• How did the new middle class pose a challenge to Tsar Nicholas II's autocracy?

  They were likely to demand more autonomy and challenge the autocracy
• What was one of the failures of Tsar Nicholas II that led to unrest and rioting?

  Failure to deal with rural problems
• What legacy contributed to the rise in opposition to Tsarism?

  The legacy of repression under Alexander III
• What change did Tsar Nicholas II make regarding Justices of the Peace?

  He replaced them with Land Captains
• How did the replacement of Justices of the Peace with Land Captains affect the Zemstva?

  It gave gentry more control and limited the power of the Zemstva
• What was the impact of increased censorship during Tsar Nicholas II's reign?

  It reduced peasant representation in the Zemstva
• What type of groups posed a challenge to Tsar Nicholas II's rule?

  Nationalist groups
• What was the overall demand regarding the political system during Tsar Nicholas II's reign?

  There was a want for reform of the political system with less autocracy
• What was a significant economic issue faced by Russia in 1894?

  The economy was backwards
• What was one of the consequences of low productivity in the Russian economy?

  It contributed to a lack of free enterprise
• How did reliance on foreign investment affect Russian control over its economy?

  It meant Russians were not in control of their economy
• What event was caused by the export of grain in Russia?

  It led to the famine of 1891-92
• How many people died in the 1891 famine?

  350,000
• What was a consequence of industrial concentration in a small geographic area?

  It created a small market for goods
• What social issue was prevalent due to the failure to deal with rural problems?

  Poverty and unrest
• What was the impact of the abolition of the peasant poll tax?

  Peasants remained unhappy with their living standards
• How did land redistribution affect peasant land plots?

  It resulted in a reduction in the size of plots
• What was a technological issue faced by Russian agriculture?

  Use of wooden ploughs
• What were the main social issues during Tsar Nicholas II's reign?

  • Failure to deal with rural problems
  • Increased peasant rioting (1905-07)
  • Public health problems
  • Peasant resentment
  • Poor conditions for the emerging working class
• What were the overall economic challenges faced by Russia under Tsar Nicholas II?

  • Backward economy
  • Low productivity
  • Lack of free enterprise
  • Reliance on foreign investment
  • Concentration of industry in small areas
  • Small market for goods
  • Lack of middle class