PHY-SCI PRELIMS

• According to the Big Bang theory, everything that exists now started from a very hot and dense point known as singularity
• This is the formation of elements, such as H and He. The presence of these elements led to formation of stars and galaxies

  Nucleosynthesis
• Singularity - This is a one-dimensional point that a huge mass in an infinitely small space
• Inflation - the rapid expansion of the universe
• This is discovered in 1965, the cmb is the faint glow of radiation that fills the universe.

  Cosmic Microwave Background
• Because of the expansion of the universe, the light of other galaxies appears "stretched"

  Redshift of Galaxies
• It is considered as the "afterglow" of big bang

  Cosmic Microwave Background
• It is the relative of H and He that did not change much until present time

  Abundance of light elements
• This discovered that they are not moving away but instead the space itself is expanding in all directions

  Redshift of Galaxies
• Atoms collapsed into one another and form stars, galaxies, and matter due to?

  Gravity
• This known as the giant cloud of gas and dust

  Stellar nebula
• The word "stellar" means?

  Star
• The formation of element in the center of the star is called?

  Stellar nucleosynthesis
• This is the reactions power the sun and other stars

  Nuclear fusion
• Starts to form when nuclear fusion occurs at the core of the star, it begins to contract, glow and become stable.

  Main sequence
• It is formed from nebula due to the gravity that pulled hydrogen gas together until it spin faster

  Protostar
• It cools down and glows red. The helium fussed into carbon.

  Red giant
• The star is unable to generate heat when it runs out of hydrogen in its core

  Red giant
• Red giant star becomes exhausted of nuclear fuel, the outer material is blown off into space

  White dwarf
• To be remain of white dwarf that cooled down and no longer emits light and heat

  Black dwarf
• A more massive main sequence start evolves. Cools and expand faster then low mass star

  Super red giant
• The explosion of the star that releases large amount of energy

  Supernova
• Formed from supernova explosion. This is the smaller star.

  Neutron star
• A region in space where gravity is too strong that no matter can escape

  Black hole
• It is low mass star

  Proton-protonb chain reaction
• It is high mass stars

  CNO cycle
• This happens in massive stars which convert hydrogen into helium

  Proton-proton chain
• Nuclear fusion reactions where hydrogen is converted to helium

  CNO cycle
• Happens in red giant star once they leave the stage of main sequence star.

  Tri alpha process
• A star accumulates more mass and continues to grow into red giant.

  Alpha ladder process
• Happens when there is a slow rate of capturing neutron while there is a faster rate of radioactive decay

  Neutron capture
• Happens when there is a slow rate of capturing neutron while there is a faster rate of radioactive decay

  S-process or slow process
• It means there is faster rate of capturing neutron before it undergoes radioactive decay

  R-process or rapid process
• It means there is faster rate of capturing neutron before it undergoes radioactive decay

  R-process or rapid process
• Formed when atoms lose, accept or share electrons

  Chemical bonds
• Occurs when there is a transfer of one or more valence electrons from one atom to another. It exists between metal and nonmetal

  Ionic bond
• It cools down and glows red.

  Red giant
• The star is unable to generate heat when it runs out of hydrogen in its core

  Red giant
• Red giant star becomes exhausted of nuclear fuel, the outer material is blown off into space

  White dwarf
• To be remain of white dwarf that cooled down and no longer emits light and heat

  Black dwarf