ethnic minorities

• political undesireables were dealt with by:

  • concentration camps
  • re-education
  • long term imprisonment , execution
• asocial undesireables were dealt with by:

  • imprision
  • directed to employment
  • sterilisation
  • euthanasia
  • concentration camps
  • extermination
• biological undesirables death with by:

  • economic persecution (Law for the Restoration of the Civil Service
  • social segregation (marriage laws , ghettoes)
  • violence and intimidation (Kristallnacht)
  • imprisonment - lead to death
  • genocide
• in 1933 - half a million vagrants were either given work or imprisoned and marked out by black triangles. thousands were later sent to concetration camps where they died. As labour shortages their 'crime' seemed more serious
• the Nazis were unable to make much impact on Christianity , Nazis did persecute Minority religious sects
• Nazis were very homophobic
• policies for homosexuals:

  1934: Gestapo ordered to local police forces to keep lists of homosexuals

  1935: criminal homosexuals acts covered intent to act or thoughts

  1936: Reich central office for combating homosexuality and abortion formed

  1937: homosexual SS officers sent to concentration camps and shot

  1938: gestapo ordered convicted homosexuals to be sent to concentration camps
• 100,000 gay men were arrested 1933-45 , 15,000 sent to concentration camps
• 1933 Law on preventation of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring listed diseases , infirmities and handicaps to be compulsory sterilised
• 350,000 disabled people sterilised 1933-45 , by 1939 policy included forced euthanasia , polices not widely publicised till 1939
• 1939 : T4 was established to murder disabled children , extended to adult
• by 1944 - 200,000 disabled people were killed
• policies for Roma :

  • Germany's 30,000 travellers not threats unless they 'infected' German blood pool , persecution worsened with radicalisation of regime
  • 1938: Decree for the Struggle against the Traveller Plague
  • 1939 : Travellers sent to camps before being expelled to Poland - 11,000 of 20,000 travellers in outfits gassed
• 1940 : 2,800 travellers joined jews to be transported to Auschwitz

  1941 - 2 travellers and mixed-race travellers included in measures drawn up against Jews
• political undesirables were:

  • socialists , communists , those against Nazism
• asocial undesirables were:

  • anyone who wasn't part of Ayan race - Jews , homosexuals , prostitutes etc
• Biological undesireables were:

  • non-aryan races
  • mentally ill , physocally handicapped , people with hereditarty disease
• 1 April 1933 - boycott of Jewish businesses and shops to channel unrest by SA and radical Nazis wanted NSDAP's 25 points enacted
• Law for the Restoration of the Civil Service excluded Jews from the civil service
• 1935: Nuremberg Laws accounted after pressure from radical NSDAP members wanting 25 points enacted , including Jews losing citizenship
• 1935 Nuremberg Laws:

  • Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour
  • Reich Citizenship Law
  • Law for the Protection of Genetic Health
• Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour:

  • banned mixed marriages and sexual relations between Jews and Aryans
• Reich Citizenship Laws:

  • Deprived Jews of German citizenship
• Law for the Protection of Genetic Health:

  • certificates of fitness to marry required , including medical examination
• 1936: Himmler put in charge of Jewish emigration , preferred policy of dealing with the 'Jewish question' at the time
• September 1937: Hitler made violent speech at Nuremberg attacking Jews - regime begins to radicalise
• Kristallnacht: the occasion of concerted violence by Nazis throughout Germany and Austria against Jewish people and their property on the night of 9–10 November 1938.
• What happened during Kristallnacht:

  • 91 Jews killed across Germany
  • 7,500 business and 267 synagogues attacked
  • hundreds of women raped
  • 20,000 jews arrested and sent to camps
  • Heydrich ordered synagogue records to be seized
• consequences of Kristallnacht:

  • gov blamed jews for the event and charged Jewish community 1 billion reichsmarks for the damage
  • more anti-jewish decrees excluded jews from economic activities (trades , business and government contracts)
  • decrees also banned Jews form schools , universities , cinemas and sports
• kristellnacht started after a German was assassinated by a Jew in Paris