reproductive hormones

• Where is testosterone produced?

  testes
• What does testosterone do?

  stimulates sperm production, growth spurt, pubic hair, facial hair, voice break
• Where is oestrogen produced?

  ovaries
• What does oestrogen stimulate?

  growth spurt, hair, breast development, menstrual cycle
• What does FSH do?

  cause egg in ovary to mature every 28 days
• What releases FSH and what's its target?

  pituitary gland target organ ovaries
• What does LH do and where is it released from?

  triggers ovulation, release of 1 egg stimulates oestrogen production released by pituitary gland
• What does oestrogen do?

  maintain uterus lining so uterus ready for fertilised egg. inhibit FSH so eggs not continue to develop
• Where is progesterone produced?

  by empty collide in ovary every ovulation
• What does progesterone do?

  maintain lining for uterus every 10 days. stop FSH and LH- make sure more eggs not maturing stop more than 1 egg being released
• What di oral contraceptive pills do?

  stop egg maturing inhibit FSH. contain progesterone and oestrogen
• advantages and disadvantages of oral contraceptive pill?

  advantages : easy use, effective. Disadvantage : easy to forget, side effects e.g. increase blood pressure
• What do patch, injection and implants use and do?

  use progesterone stop egg in ovary from maturing and being released. Inhibit FSH and LH
• Advantages and disadvantages of patch injection and implant?

  advantages : longer lasting. Disadvantages : need replacing injection and implant need to be administered by doctor
• What are spermicides?

  non hormonal chemical kill sperm and stop them working
• What are advantages and disadvantages of spermicides?

  advantages : readily available e.g. pharmacy. disadvantages : not effective
• What are barrier methods?

  non hormonal stop sperm reaching egg e.g. condom diaphragm
• What are the advantages of barrier methods?

  advantages : no side effects, prevent some STDs. disadvantages : need to be fitted correctly, if damaged sperm let through increase chance of pregnancy
• How does an IUD work?

  inserted into uterus prevent early embryos implanting in uterus lining
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of IUDs?

  advantages : effective, long lasting. Disadvantages : uncomfortable, period pains
• What happens if surgery happens to prevent pregnancy?

  sperm ducts or ovaries cut or tied
• Advantages and disadvantages of surgery?

  advantages : permanent disadvantages: risk from surgery e.g. blood clotting, women need general anaesthetic
• What happens during abstinence?

  not having sex when egg in oviduct
• advantages and disadvantages of abstinence?

  advantages : no side effects disadvantages : high risk of pregnancy
• What happens during the menstrual cycle?

  takes 28 days, egg mature in ovaries, uterus lining thicken day 14 ovulation, if no fertilised egg implant in uterus lining break down, period
• What are the differences between ovum and sperm production?

  ovum : born with all. one matures each month. sperm : produced every 24 to 48 hours. Many produced at one time
• What happens when body runs out of eggs?

  menopause
• Describe menstrual cycle?

  monthly basis. mature egg released from ovaries during ovulation. uterus lining thickens. if egg fertilised embryo embeds in uterus lining, woman is pregnant if egg not fertilised uterus lining break down cause bleeding from vagina which is period