personal investigation 1

• what is the operationalised hypothesis?

  there will be an increase in sleep scores out of 21 on the PSQI in adolescents (11-18) compared to adults 19+
• Is the hypothesis directional or non-directional?

  Directional because a prediction about specific effects has been made
• what is the operationalised null hypothesis?

  there will be no differnece in sleep score out on 21 on the PSQI test in adolesecents(11-18) comapred to adults (19+)
• what is the operationalised IV?

  age- teens 11-18 adults(19+)
• why did you operationalise th IV in this way?

  to have clear categories which can be compared
• what is the operationalised DV

  PSQI sleep score out of 21
• why did uoperationalise the DV in that way

  to have a result which is from a specific test and score out of a certain number
• what confouding variables did you have

  medication, gender, sleep disorder, extra-curricular activities
• How did you control the confouding variables

  we weren't able to due to having restrictions in a school
• what extraneous variables did you have?

  noise, temperature
• how did you control the etraneous variables?

  we made sure the individuals did their test in a quiet environment
• what methods did you use?

  quasi experiment= naturally occuring IV(age) which will be compared to the DV(sleep score)

  self-report technique= give them a questionairre, they answer it themselves and give results back
• What experimental design did you use?

  independent groups = both groups do each condition and results are compared
• strenghts of independant groups

  no order effects

  reduces demand charateristics
• weaknesses of independant groups

  individuals differences

  confouding variables
• why did you choose independant measures

  due to the nature of a quasi experiment
• what sampling technique did you use

  opportunity sampling as it was convenient
• stenghts of opportunity sampling

  quick and easy
• weaknesses of opportunity sampling

  biased samples

  not representitive of the targer population
• which desriptive statisti dd you use?

  ratio as you can score 0
• what graphical representation did you use?

  bar chart
• which inferential statistics did you use

  mann whitney u test
• why did you use the mann whitney u test?

  used independant measures, ordinal data
• were the results significant

  the observed value 38 is greater than the critical value 9, so the results are not significant because for this test, the observed value had to be less than the critical value
• what are the conclusions drawn from your findings

  theres is not a differnce in age and sleep, further research needs to be done to find if age impacts sleep
• what are 2 ways the reserach could be improved

  sample as it was completed in a limited sample , needed access to a larger sample size as a higher range of age would be available , could be done on the streets of the city centre

  reliability as the test was only completed once, needed to do a test-re-test, reduce anomlieis