3.3.8 Aldehydes and ketones

• What shape and degrees is the carbonyl bond?

  Trigonal Planar 120 degrees
• IMF in carbonyl groups

  Permanent dipole-dipole and VDW
• Why are short chain aldehydes and ketones soluble in water

  Form hydrogen bonds, water can surround the molecule
• Name of the reducing agent

  NaBrH4
• What reacts with carbonyls to form aldehydes and ketones

  Hydrogen
• Conditions

  Nicket catalyst
• Use of the nickel catalyst

  Splits the hydrogen molecule
• What do aldehydes form

  Primary alcohols
• What do ketones form?

  Secondary alcohols
• What does hydrogen also reduce

  C=C bonds to form a saturated solutions, just a reduction reaction
• Name of changing aldehydes and ketones

  Catalytic Hydrogenation
• Reagent of addition with NaBrH4

  NaBrH4
• Conditions of addition of NaBrH4

  Aqueous or alcoholic