Dorothea Orem

• Dorothea Orem - one of America's foremost nursing theorists
• Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory - developed by Orem
• Orem Model of Nursing - other term for self-care deficit nursing theory
• Nursing - an art that gives specialized assistance to persons
• Nursing - making more that ordinary assistance necessary to meet self-care need
• Humans - men, women, and children cared for either singly or as social units
• Environment - has physical, chemical, and biological features
• Environment - includes the family, culture, and community
• Environmental conditions can be: external and psychosocial surroundings
• Developmental environment - promote goal achievements
• Health - being structurally and functionally whole or sound
• Health - encompasses both the health of individuals and groups
• Human Health - to reflect on oneself, symbolize experience and communicate with others
• Self-care Agency - the human's ability or power to engage in self-care
• Self-care Agency - ability and willingness to engage in behaviors that foster their physical and mental well-being
• Basic Conditioning Factors - age, gender, developmental state, health state, socio-cultural orientation, health care system factors, family system factors, patterns of living, environmental factors, and resource adequacy and availability
• Therapeutic Self-care Demand - totality of self-care actions
• Therapeutic Self-Care Demand -to be performed for some duration to meet known self-care requisites by using valid methods
• Nursing Agency - the special skills and knowledge that nurses have
• Nursing Agency - allow nurses to understand what patients need to stay healthy and to help patients take care of themselves
• Nursing Agency - nurses use these skills to either help patients directly or teach them how to care for themselves
• Theory of Self-care - concentrates on activities that individuals independently engage in to sustain their life, health, and well-being
• Self-Care Requisites - actions needed for effective self-care
• Universal Self-Care Requisites - relate to essential life processes and maintaining the body's structure and proper function
• Health Deviation Self-Care Requisites - needed during illness, injury, or disease, and may also arise from medical procedures
• Three Types of Self-Care Requisites: Universal, Developmental, Health Deviation
• Normalcy - refers to what is fundamentally human and aligns with an individual's genetic traits, constitutional characteristics and telents
• Theory of Self-Care Deficit - outlines when nursing care is necessary
• Nursing is needed when: an adult is unable to provide continuous, effective self-care
• Orem identified five methods for providing care
• Theory of Nursing System - the relationship between a legitimate nurse and client
• Nursing System - strategies used by nurses to assist patients in meeting self-care needs
• Nursing System - key part of Orem's self-care deficit nursing theory
• Partially Compensatory Nursing System - nurse and patient share responsibility for self-care activities
• Partially Compensatory Nursing System - patient can perform SOME tasks
• Supportive-Educative System - to guide, educate, and support the patient, who can perform most or all self-care
• Developmental Self-Care Requisites - either specific forms of universal self-care needs adapted for developmental stages or new needs that arise from specific conditions or events
• Wholly Compensatory Nursing System - the nurse provides all necessary care
• • Orem's Theories: Theory of Self-care, Theory of Self-care Deficit, Theory of Nursing System
• Self-Care Agent - an agent who provides self care