Digestive Systems

• Four stages to food processing

  1. Ingestion
  2. Digestion
  3. Absorption
  4. Egestion
• Ingestion


  A stage of food processing that refers to taking in food
• Digestion


  A stage of food processing that refers to breaking down food into nutrients
• Absorption


  A stage of food processing that refers to taking in nutrients in cells
• Egestion


  A stage of food processing that refers to removing any leftover wastes
• Name the parts of Digestive System

  A) Mouth

  B) Teeth

  C) Salivary glands

  D) Pharynx

  E) Esophagus

  F) Liver

  G) Stomach

  H) Pancreas

  I) Large intestine

  J) Small intestine

  K) Rectum

  L) Anus

  
• Mouth


  Part of digestive system where food starts its journey.

  • Teeth mechanically break down food into small pieces with the other organs, including teeth, salivary glands, and tongue
• Amylase


  An enzymes that catalyzes digestion of carbohydrates, (starch), which is in saliva
• Epiglottis


  A flap-like structure at the back of the throat that closes over the trachea preventing food from entering it
• 32


  Number of adult teeth
• Names of the teeth

  A) Incisor

  B) Canine

  C) Premolars

  D) Molars

  
• Incisor


  These teeth are used for biting and cutting
• Canine


  These teeth are used for grasping and tearing
• Pre-molar and molar


  These teeth are used for grinding and crushing
• The tongue is not only one muscle, but a group of muscles that we use to taste food with
• Taste


  Tongue has this that able it to sense flavors
• The five basic tastes:

  • Bitter
  • Salt
  • Sour
  • Sweet
  • Umami
• Umami


  The fifth taste that refers to distinct savory taste, often associated with tomatoes and cheese
• Dr. Kikumae Ikeda


  He discovered Umami, from Tokyo Imperial University, in 1908
• Papillae


  Raised areas or bumps at tongue that help grip food while your teeth are chewing and contain taste buds
• 3 Different types of Papillae

  A) Vallate

  B) Filiform

  C) Fungiform

  D) Foliate

  
• Fungiform


  A type of papillae which are the larger ones located in the front of the tongue
• Filiform


  A type of papillae which are the smaller ones in the front
• Vallate


  A type of papillae that are the large one in the back

  • The are only 8 to 10 of these
• 2 purposes of Papillae

  • Grip the food
  • Contain taste buds
• Digestive system


  This human body system is the sum of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT; also called alimentary canal) and accessory organs (tongue, liver, pancreas, etc.)
• The alimentary canal


  The canal in digestive system, or the long tube through which the food that we eat is passed, consisting of
• Accessory Organs


  Are organs which participate in the digestion process but are not actually a part of GIT
• Pharynx


  A fibromuscular y-shaped tube attached to the terminal end of the mouth
• Oesophagus


  This is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx, which is a part of an upper section of the gastrointestinal tract, supplies swallowed food along with its length.
• Stomach


  It serves as a muscular bag, vital organ acts as a storage for the food and provides enough time to digest meals

  • Mucous
  • Digestive enzymes
  • Hydrochloric acid
• Small intestine


  A thin, long tube of about 10 feet long and a part of the lower gastrointestinal tract.
• Large intestine


  This is a thick, long tube measuring around 5 feet in length, absorbing water and consisting of bacteria (symbiotic) that support the breakdown of wastes to fetch small nutrients.
• Rectum


  Waste products are passed into the end of the large intestine
• Feces


  Term used to describe undigested food
• Stool


  Term used to describe digested food (out in the rectum)
• Pancreas


  It is a large gland present just behind the stomach, releases digestive enzymes to complete the process of chemical digestion.
• Liver


  A roughly triangular, reddish-brown accessory organ, which produces BILE, which helps in the digestion of fat in the small intestine
• Chyme


  The pulpy acidic fluid which passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consists of gastric juices and partly digested food.
• Name these parts of Digestive System:

  A) Esophagus

  B) Stomach

  C) Pancreas

  D) Small intestine

  E) Rectum

  F) Appendix

  G) Large intestine

  H) Gall Bladder

  I) Liver