basics

• How does grammatical gender affect nouns in Spanish?

  It affects the articles, adjectives, and some pronouns that accompany the nouns.
• What are the two genders that Spanish nouns can have?

  Masculine and feminine.
• What is an example of a masculine noun in Spanish?

  "El libro" (the book).
• What is an example of a feminine noun in Spanish?

  "La mesa" (the table).
• What are the general rules for identifying noun gender in Spanish?

  1. Masculine nouns often end in: - -o (e.g., el libro) - -ma (e.g., el problema) 2. Feminine nouns often end in: - -a (e.g., la casa) - -ción (e.g., la canción) - -dad (e.g., la ciudad) 3. Exceptions exist for both genders.
• Which noun is likely to be feminine based on its ending?

  "La educación".
• What is the correct plural form of "la ciudad" (the city)?

  "Las ciudades".
• How do you form the plural of nouns ending in a vowel in Spanish?

  Add -s to the end of the noun.
• How do you form the plural of nouns ending in a consonant in Spanish?

  Add -es to the end of the noun.
• What is the rule for forming plurals of nouns ending in -z?

  Change -z to -c and add -es.
• What is an example of a noun that does not change in plural form?


  "El lunes" (Monday) remains "los lunes" (Mondays).
• How would you correctly describe "tall buildings" in Spanish?

  "Los edificios altos".
• What are the rules for adjective agreement in Spanish?

  1. Masculine singular: usually ends in -o (e.g., el libro rojo) 2. Feminine singular: usually ends in -a (e.g., la casa roja) 3. Masculine plural: usually ends in -os (e.g., los libros rojos) 4. Feminine plural: usually ends in -as (e.g., las casas rojas) 5. Exceptions exist for adjectives ending in -e or a consonant.
• What are the definite articles in Spanish?

  - El (masculine singular) - La (feminine singular) - Los (masculine plural) - Las (feminine plural)
• Which article would you use with the noun "problema" (problem)?

  "El".
• Which article would you use with the noun "mano" (hand)?

  "La".
• What is a key exception regarding the use of definite articles with feminine nouns starting with stressed "a" or "ha"?


  - Use "el" before feminine singular nouns starting with stressed "a" or "ha" (e.g., el agua). - Use "la" in plural (e.g., las aguas).
• What is the importance of memorizing articles with nouns in Spanish?

  - Articles must agree in gender and number with the nouns. - Some nouns have exceptions that need to be memorized.