ENGLISH Q1 G9

• Modal verbs


  is a type of helping verb the expresses different modalities
• Permission


  an act of giving consent or authorization
• Can


  the most used modal to ask for and give permission
• Could


  we use it to ask for permission ( but not to give it ). is more polite than can
• May


  the most formal way to ask for and give permission
• Obligation


  expresses commitment or duty
• Have to


  shows that the obligation comes from outside the speaker
• Must


  the authority for the obligation comes from the person who is speaking.

  expresses a STRONG OBLIGATION
• Should


  used to give an advice. a WEAK OBLIGATION
• Prohibition


  an act of disallowing or prohibiting someone in performing or doing something
• Can't 


  used when talking about something that is against the rules
• May not


  the formal way to prohibit something
• Must not


  used when talking about something that are not allowed. (forbidden due to real laws)
• No obligation


  expresses the absence of commitment or duty as one may do it or not
• Conditionals


  are statements expressing the result of a particulat condition
• If-clause and when-clause


  two clauses that present the condition
• Main clause


  clause that explains the results of the condition
• Zero conditional


  deals with habit and general truths such as laws. Factual statements
• if/when + present simple


  how do you construct a ZERO conditional condition?
• present simple


  what tense of the verb is used in the main clause of a ZERO conditional statement?
• First Conditional


  deals with things that are possibly or likely to happen in the future
• If/when + present simple


  how do you construct a FIRST conditional condition?
• will + base form of the verb


  how do you construct a FIRST conditional main clause?
• Second conditional


  deals with things impossible in the PRESENT and are unlikely to occur in the FUTURE
• if + past simple


  how do you construct a SECOND conditional condition?
• would + base form of the verb


  how do you construct a SECOND conditional main clause?
• Third Conditional


  deals with things or change in the past scenario yielding to different results
• Communicative Styles


  portrays how a language is characterized in terms of degree of formality
• Casual


  used when talking to friends and peers. Uses slang, vulgarities, and colloquialism
• Consultative


  used in semi formal communication. Sentences tend to be long and spontaneous
• Formal


  are straight forward speeches. Used in speakin to large groups and are impersonal in nature.
• Frozen


  rarely or never changes

  used in very formal setting

  has a fixed and static language
• Declamation


  a statement that allows you to deliver a strong speech filled with emotion
• Intimate


  closely acquainted, familliar or close

  private and personal communication