Cardiovascular System

• Heart's Valves

  A) Tricuspid Valve

  B) Pulmonary Valve

  C) Aortic Valve

  D) Mitral Valve

  
• Heart's Chambers

  A) Right Atrium

  B) Right Ventricle

  C) Left Atrium

  D) Left Ventricle

  
• Right Atrium - collects venous blood and pumps it into the right ventricle
• Right Atrium - receives blood from superior and inferior vena cava
• Right Ventricle - forcefully pumping the blood through your pulmonary valve into your pulmonary arteries and out to your lung
• Left Atrium - receives blood from the lungs through pulmonary veins
• Left Atrium - hold oxygenated blood then send this blood to mitral valve and into your left ventricle
• Left Ventricle - last stop within the four chamber
• Left Ventricle - heart's main pumping chamber
• Left Ventricle - pumps blood to the rest of the body
• Lung - where gas exchange happens, particularly in alveoli
• Aorta - biggest artery in the body that pumps blood from left ventricle to the rest of the body
• Layers of the Heart: Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
• Pericardium - located at the outermost part of the heart, which holds the heart in place
• Pericardium - acts as a protection and support of the heart
• Two Layers of Pericardium: Fibrous, Serous
• Fibrous Pericardium - outer layer of the pericardium; protects and prevents overstretching the heart
• Serous Pericardium - inner layer of the pericardium; produces fluid that lubricates your heart as it beats
• Layers of Serous Pericardium: Parietal, Visceral
• Parietal Layer - outer layer of the serous pericardium
• Visceral Layer - also called epicardium; the inner layer of the serous pericardium and the outer layer of the heart wall
• Pericardial Cavity - the space between the parietal and visceral layers
• Myocardium - located at the middle layer
• Myocardium - responsible for the pumping action of the heart
• Endocardium - located at the innermost layer of the heart
• Pericardial Effusion - too much fluid in pericardial cavity
• Pericarditis - inflammation of the pericardium
• Myocardial Infarction - commonly known as heart attack
• Myocardial Infarction - when the muscle tissue dies due to decrease blood flow
• Myocytes - a kind of cardiac muscle tissues
• Intrinsic conduction system - built into the heart tissue and sets its basic rhythm
• Contraction rate: 75 beats per minute on the heart
• Systole - means heart contraction
• Diastole - means heart relaxation
• Cardiac Cycle - the events of one complete heartbeat, during which both atria and ventricles contact and then relax
• Five Phases of Cardiac Cycle: Atrial Diastole, Atrial Systole, Isovolumetric Contraction, Ventricular Systole, Isovolumetric Relaxation
• Heart sound by two syllables: lub-dup
• Four Cardiac Sound Points: Aortic Area. Pulmonic Area, Tricuspid Area, Mitral Area or Apex Area
• Tricuspid area is located on lower left side of sternum just above the xiphoid process.
• Mitral area or apex area is located on midclavicular line about four inches below the xiphoid process.