Katherine oblak

• What is the definition of art according to the study material?

  Art is formed with skill through the use of medium.
• What is a line defined as in the context of visual arts?

  A line is a path between two points.
• How do visual artists define a line?

  A line is a mark made on a surface by moving a point or a dot.
• What does texture refer to in visual arts?

  Texture refers to the roughness or smoothness of lines and the surface quality of an object.
• What is visual texture?

  Visual texture is the surface look of the work, which can be rough or smooth, regular or irregular.
• What is tactile texture?


  Tactile texture is the way the work feels when you touch it, such as soft or hard, bumpy or smooth.
• What does value express in visual arts?

  Value expresses the lightness or darkness of an object.
• What is a shape in visual arts?

  A shape is a two-dimensional area defined by lines, texture, and color.
• What is form in visual arts?

  Form refers to objects that have three dimensions, including length, width, and depth.
• What are the principles of design in visual arts?

  • Pattern: Decorative design made by repeating lines, shapes, forms, colors, and spaces.
  • Rhythm: Created by the repetition of an element with intervals of space.
  • Movement: Feeling of action created by elements that guide the viewer’s eyes.
  • Balance: Feeling of stability where the weight of elements is equal in left and right spaces.
  • Proportion: Deals with comparing sizes.
  • Unity: The wholeness or oneness.
• What is an example of a pattern in visual arts?

  Binakul is an example of a pattern that has interlacing threads forming beautiful patterns.
• How is rhythm created in visual arts?


  Rhythm is created by the repetition of an element with intervals of space.
• What does movement refer to in visual arts?

  Movement refers to the feeling of action created by elements that guide the viewer’s eyes.
• What is balance in visual arts?

  Balance is the feeling of stability in an artwork where the weight of the elements is equal in the left and right spaces.
• What does proportion deal with in visual arts?

  Proportion deals with comparing sizes.
• What is unity in visual arts?

  Unity refers to the wholeness or oneness of an artwork.
• What are the types of visual art mentioned in the study material?

  • Painting: Consists of pigment, binder, and support.
  • Sculpture: Forms project from a surface and are primarily visible only from the front.
  • Collage: Pastes flat materials onto a background.
  • Printmaking: Transferring an inked design from one surface to another.
  • Photography: Producing images by the action of light on a sensitive surface.
  • Film: Shot in rapid succession on a strip of film.
• What are the three basic components of painting?

  The three basic components of painting are pigment, binder, and support.
• What is graphic design defined as?

  Graphic design is the craft of planning and creating visual content to communicate ideas and messages.
• When did the origins of graphic design occur?

  The origins of graphic design occurred during the Renaissance Period in the 15th century and the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century.
• What were the key developments in graphic design during the Middle Ages?

  • Monks hand copied texts to preserve and disseminate ancient knowledge.
  • The Gutenberg Press (1439) allowed for mass reproduction of text.
  • Copperplate engraving improved quality reproduction.
• What was the significance of the Gutenberg Press?

  The Gutenberg Press made it possible to reproduce, recreate, and distribute text on a massive scale.
• Who invented the Gutenberg Press?


  Johann Gutenberg invented the Gutenberg Press.
• What was the purpose of copperplate engraving for printing in the 1600s?

  Copperplate engraving was originally employed by writing masters to reproduce intricate scripts with fine lines and curvilinear texture.
• Who invented lithography and when?

  Alois Senefelder invented lithography in 1796.
• What was the impact of continuous-roll paper-making machine invented in 1803?

  The continuous-roll paper-making machine revolutionized paper manufacturing.
• Who invented the steam-powered presses and when?

  Friedrich Koenig invented steam-powered presses in 1814.
• What was the significance of mechanical presses invented in 1816?

  Mechanical presses allowed printing of up to 20,000 sheets per hour, resulting in wide dissemination of information through print media.
• What did the mechanization of typography lead to?

  The mechanization of typography led to the development of a variety of typefaces, including sans-serif type.
• Who invented chromolithography and when?

  Godefroy Engelmann invented chromolithography in 1837.
• What was the method of rotary lithographic printing invented in 1870?

  Rotary lithographic printing allowed a great deal of freedom and spontaneity in type design and imagery, revolutionizing the speed of the printing process.
• Who invented the linotype machine and when?

  Otto Mergenthaler invented the linotype machine in 1886.
• What was the significance of the invention of photographic equipment in the 1890s?

  The invention of photographic equipment by Frederick Herbert Sanderson included the universal swing front camera.
• What is offset lithography and when was it invented?

  Offset lithography was invented by Ira Rubel in 1905 and is the most popular form of commercial printing today.
• What is phototypesetting or cold type and when was it introduced?

  Phototypesetting or cold type was introduced in 1949 and represented an economical leap in production costs.
• What was the significance of the Apple Macintosh introduced in 1984?


  The Apple Macintosh was a new digital tool that gave graphic designers more opportunities for creativity in the field.
• What were the early developments in graphic design during the modern period?

  • Artists reacted against the prevailing academic style of the 19th century.
  • Graphic designers were originally painters, sculptors, and practitioners of fine arts.
• What are the key movements in graphic design from 1850s to 1960s?

  • Arts and Crafts Movement: Handcrafted creations rejecting mass manufacture.
  • Art Nouveau: Ornamental designs based on plant forms.
  • Cubism: Fragmentation and geometric reconstruction of subject matter.
  • Futurism: Representation of motion and dynamic quality.
  • Dada and Surrealism: Nonsensical and whimsical art provoking emotional reactions.
  • Constructivism and Suprematism: Simplicity and pure abstraction.
  • Bauhaus: Functionalist approach to design.
  • Art Deco: Streamlined shapes reflecting admiration for technology.
  • Optical Art: Visual vibrations and optical illusions.
  • Psychedelic Art: Juxtaposition of color producing optical vibrations.
  • International Typographic Style: Simplicity and effective communication.
  • Minimalism: Reaction against expressionist art using geometric forms.
• What characterized the Arts and Crafts Movement?

  The Arts and Crafts Movement was characterized by handcrafted, elegant creations rejecting the industrial spirit of mass manufacture.
• What was the focus of the Art Nouveau movement?

  The Art Nouveau movement was intensely ornamental, using highly decorative designs based on plant forms.