LEGAL, ETHICAL, AND SOCIETAL ISSUES IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION

• Piracy


  Stealing of one’s intellectual property. It is the unauthorized reproduction or use of a copyrighted material for profit.
• Intellectual Property


  refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce
• RA 8293 


  Also known as Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines

  This law aims to protect and secure the exclusive rights of scientists, inventors, artists, and other creators to their intellectual property and creations.
• Copyright


  a legal term used to describe the rights that creators have over their literary and artistic works
• Copyright


  Works covered by copyright range from books, music, paintings, sculpture and films, to computer programs, databases, advertisements, maps and technical drawings
• Patent


  an exclusive right granted for an invention (something that has never been made before, a new device, method, or process developed from study and experimentation)
• Trademark


  a sign capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises.
• Industrial Design


  constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an article
• Industrial Design


  may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or color
• Geographical Origin


  signs used on goods that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities, a reputation or characteristics that are essentially attributable to that place of origin
• Geographical Origin


  most commonly includes the name of the place of origin of the goods.
• Fair Use


  means you can use copyrighted material without a license only for certain purposes.

  These include: • Reporting • Research • Teaching • Commentary • Criticism
• Guidelines for Fair Use

  Give credit to the copyright holder.

  Don't make money out of the copyrighted work.
• Plagiarism


  the act of using another person's words or ideas without giving credit to that person
• Plagiarism


  The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.
• HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM

  •Proper Citation •Using Endnotes or Footnotes •Writing a Bibliography •Proper Paraphrasing
• Netiquette


  derived from the word etiquette, which refers to proper decorum and behavior in accordance to society standards.
• Netiquette


  denotes the proper attitude that one should observe when communicating online.
• Ethical Practices in Media and Information

  Use a subject line

  Reply urgently

  Review message before sending

  Do not send spam mail and chain mail

  Ask for permission before sharing someone’s information

  Do not tamper with photos and videos of other individual

  Use public forums and chat rooms to discuss common interests

  Introduce yourself to a new contact person

  Avoid derogatory remarks on social media
• Digital Divide


  refers to the economic, educational, and social inequalities experienced by those who cannot afford to have computer and internet access.
• Digital Divide


  It can also pertain to the gap on the kind of information which can be accessed, and the available form of communication that is allowed to be distributed.
• Virtual Self


  Pertains to one’s representation in the virtual world, which exists online and is only available once a person is connected to the internet. Examples are avatars and emojis or emoticons.
• Internet and Computer Addiction


  pertains to a person’s inability to control his urges in using the internet, may it be for social media, online shopping, pornography, online gaming, or any other related habits, to the point that it affects his daily living and life choices.
• Cyberbullying


  Bullying that is done through the internet. In this act, harm is done when the bully tells something derogatory about someone and then posts and shares it using social media.
• Infringement


  refers to the act of violating or breaching the terms of a law, agreement, or right. This can include actions like unauthorized use of copyrighted material, patents, or trademarks, which is known as copyright or patent infringement.
• Copyright Infringement


  occurs when someone uses or reproduces copyrighted material without the permission of the copyright holder.
• Patent Infringement


  occurs when someone makes, uses, sells, offers to sell, or imports a patented invention without the patent owner’s permission
• Trademark Infringement


  occurs when someone uses a trademark or service mark without the permission of the trademark owner in a way that is likely to cause confusion, deception, or misunderstanding about the source of the goods or services
• Industrial Design Infringement


  occurs when someone uses a registered industrial design without the permission of the design owner.
• Geographical Origin Infringement


  occurs when someone uses a registered geographical indication without authorization, misleading consumers about the true origin of the goods