kingdoms of life cognito

• What are the five kingdoms of life excluding viruses?

  Animals, plants, fungi, protists, and bacteria
• Why are viruses considered the odd one out among living organisms?

  Because they are not classified as living organisms
• What type of cells are animals, plants, fungi, and protists made up of?

  Eukaryotic cells
• What is a key characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

  They have DNA in the form of chromosomes located in a nucleus
• How do bacteria differ from eukaryotic organisms?

  Bacteria are prokaryotic and do not have a nucleus
• How much smaller are bacteria compared to eukaryotic cells?

  Bacteria are between 10 and 100 times smaller than eukaryotic cells
• What is the estimated number of animal species on Earth?

  Between 5 and 10 million species
• What are the three main characteristics of animals?

  They are multicellular, heterotrophs, and most reproduce sexually
• What does it mean for an organism to be multicellular?

  It means that the organism is made up of many cells
• How do animals obtain their energy?

  Animals are heterotrophs and obtain energy from other organisms
• How many species of plants are estimated to exist?

  Around 300,000 species
• What distinguishes plants from animals in terms of energy acquisition?

  Plants are autotrophs and obtain energy through photosynthesis
• What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular fungi?

  Some fungi are unicellular like yeast, while others are multicellular like mushrooms
• How do fungi obtain their energy?

  Fungi are heterotrophs and obtain energy from other organisms
• What is saprotrophic nutrition in fungi?

  It is a process where fungi secrete enzymes to digest food outside their body
• What is mycelium in fungi?

  Mycelium is a body made up of thread-like structures called hyphae
• What are pathogens in the context of fungi?

  Pathogens are fungi that can cause disease in humans
• What do the terms protists, protista, and protester refer to?

  They all refer to the same kingdom of organisms
• What is a key characteristic of most protists?


  Most protists are unicellular organisms
• How do some protists obtain energy?

  Some protists have chloroplasts and can photosynthesize, while others consume other organisms
• What is an example of a protist that causes disease?

  Plasmodium, which causes malaria
• What are bacteria classified as?

  Single-celled organisms
• Where can bacteria be found?

  Bacteria can be found almost everywhere, including on skin and in intestines
• How do most bacteria obtain their energy?

  Most bacteria feed off other organisms, either living or dead
• What is a common disease caused by bacteria?

  Salmonella, which causes food poisoning
• How do viruses differ from other organisms?

  Viruses are not considered living organisms and are classified as particles
• What is the basic structure of a virus?

  A virus has a protein coat surrounding genetic material, which can be DNA or RNA
• How do viruses reproduce?

  Viruses can only reproduce inside living cells by infecting other organisms
• Why are viruses considered parasites?

  Because they depend on other organisms to grow and reproduce
• What is a common example of a virus that causes disease?

  Influenza virus, which causes influenza
• What are the key differences between the five kingdoms of life?

  • Animals: multicellular, heterotrophs, reproduce sexually
  • Plants: multicellular, autotrophs, use photosynthesis
  • Fungi: can be unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophs, use saprotrophic nutrition
  • Protists: mostly unicellular, diverse energy acquisition methods
  • Bacteria: single-celled, diverse habitats, some can photosynthesize
• What are the main characteristics of viruses?

  • Not considered living organisms
  • Composed of a protein coat and genetic material (DNA or RNA)
  • Can only reproduce inside living cells
  • Considered parasites as they depend on hosts to replicate