Hildegard Peplau

• Born in Reading, Pennsylvania in 1909
• Graduated from a diploma program in Pottstown, Pennsylvania in 1931
• Earned Bachelor of Arts in Interpersonal Psychology from Bennington, College in 1943
• Finished Master of Arts in Psychiatric Nursing from Colombia University, New York in 1947
• Achieved EdD in curriculum development in 1953
• Had been Professor emeritus from Rutgers University
• Start first post baccalaureate program in nursing
• She Published Interpersonal Relations in Nursing in 1952
• In 1968, introduced interpersonal techniques – the crux of psychiatric nursing
• Worked as executive director and president of ANA
• Worked with WHO, NIMH and nurse corps
• She died in 1999
• Peplau’s theory focuses on the interpersonal processes and

  therapeutic relationship that develops between the nurse and

  client
• The client is an individual with felt need
• Nursing’s goal is to educate the client and family and to help the client reach mature personality development
• The nurse strives to develop a nurse-client relationship in which the nurse serves as a resource person, counselor and surrogate
• Psychodynamic nursing involves:

  • Understanding of one’s behavior

  • Helping others identify felt difficulties

  • Applying principles of human relations to the problems that arise at all levels of experiences
• steps following a series of pattern in the interpersonal relationship namely:

  • Orientation

  • Identification

  • Exploitation

  • Resolution
• PHASES OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP:

  Orientation

  ❑ Nurse and patient come together as strangers

  ❑ Meeting initiated by patient who expresses a “felt need”

  ❑ Work together to recognize, clarify, and define facts related to the need
• PHASES OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP:

  IDENTIFICATION

  ❑ Patient participates in goal setting

  ❑ Has feeling of belongingness

  ❑ Selectively responds to those who can meet his/her needs
• PHASES OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP:

  EXPLOITATION

  ❑ Patient actively seeks and draws knowledge and

  expertise of those who can help
• PHASES OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP:

  RESOLUTION

  ❑ Occurs after other phases are completed

  successfully

  ❑ This leads to termination of the relationship
• INTERPERSONAL THEORY & NURSING PROCESS

  ▪Both are sequential and focus on therapeutic

  relationship

  ▪Both use problem solving techniques to meet

  patients needs

  ▪Both use observation, communication, and

  recording as basic tools utilized by nursing
• What is the role of the nurse as a stranger in the nurse-patient relationship?

  Receives the client in a way similar to meeting a stranger in other life situations
• How does the nurse as a stranger contribute to the nurse-patient relationship?

  By providing an accepting climate that builds trust
• What is the role of the nurse as a teacher?

  One who imparts knowledge in reference to a need or interest
• In what context does the nurse act as a resource person?


  By providing specific needed information that aids in understanding a problem or new situation
• What is the role of the nurse as a counselor?

  Helps to understand and integrate the meaning of current life circumstances
• What support does the nurse provide in the counselor role?

  Provides guidance and encouragement to make changes
• What is the role of the nurse as a surrogate?

  Helps to clarify domains of dependence, interdependence, and independence
• How does the nurse act as an advocate in the surrogate role?


  Acts on the client’s behalf
• What is the role of the nurse as a leader?

  Helps the client assume maximum responsibility for meeting treatment goals
• How does the nurse as a leader ensure a satisfying relationship with the client?

  By helping the client meet treatment goals in a mutually satisfying way