multi party system

• Smaller party influence - 2010-15 coalition led to 2011 AV Referendum and Pupil Premium
• Smaller party influence - 2015 Conservatives pressured by Ukip’s growing influence to promise an in/out referendum
• Smaller party influence - 2017 confidence and supply agreement
• Smaller party influence - 2019 - a quarter of electorate voted outside two biggest parties
• Smaller party influence - 2019 election featured 11 parties, in 1955 there was only 4
• Smaller party influence - SNP has significant Parliamentary presence - 56/59 Scottish seats in 2015
• Impact of voting - Since the early 1980s the duopoly’s share of the vote has fallen to the mid-60 percent in a number of elections
• Impact of voting - first Parliament majority since 1987 in 2019
• Devolution - Devolved assemblies use STV and AMS which give multi-party governments
• Devolution - Holyrood led on the cancellation of public examinations in the summer of 2020, a policy quickly followed by the UK government
• Devolution - Local councils have history of multi-party governance with Lib Dems controlling a number of councils