two-party system

• Smaller party influence - FPTP is a plurality system so has winner's bonus which protects duopoly and makes it hard for smaller parties to win - 2015 Lib Dem 12.6%
• Smaller party influence - the way parties are funded makes it harder for smaller parties to break through
• Smaller party influence - Support for Lib Dems collapsed in 2015 and 2017 elections and UKip disbanded as raison d’etre achieved
• Smaller party influence - Only Lib Dems and the Reform Party offer a serious third party choice but poll around 6% nationally
• Impact of voting - FPTP winner's bonus and disproportional seats to votes e.g. since WWII no party has won majority of votes but always a majority in Parliament
• Impact of voting - 2017 Labour and Conservative had biggest vote share since 1970 -> 82.4%
• Impact of voting - 2019 Conservative had the largest majority since 1987 - 80 seats
• Impact of voting - 90% of seats are consistently shared between Lab and Cons