AMSCO 2.2

    Cards (45)

    • Who were the Mongols?
      Clans of pastoral nomads that herded goats and sheep. They were also hunter-foragers.
    • What was the significance of the Gobi Desert in terms of Mongolian History from c. 1200 to c. 1450?
      It helped shape Mongol culture through the harsh arid Asian steppes.
    • The Mongols expected everyone, male and female, to become skilled horse riders.
    • What did the Mongols envy?
      The relative wealth of tribes and kingdoms that were located closer to the Silk Roads.
    • What other name did Genghis Khan go by?
      Temujin
    • What is a Khan?
      King
    • At what meeting did Temujin become a Khan?
      Kuriltai
    • Who was Genghis Khan?
      A Mongol leader that spent decades of his life creating alliances and defeating neighboring groups. He also was ruthless and was focused on building power. He felt that personal loyalty was the best way to run his kingdom.
    • What was the Mongol Army's reputation across Afro-Eurasia from c. 1200 to c. 1450?
      Brutal and Ruthless.
    • What was a Khanate?
      Kingdom
    • What was the Mongols' weapon of choice?
      Bow
    • What was the result of the Mongols' reputation being brutal and ruthless?
      Many people feared them, leaving many neighboring cities surrendered before a Mongolian invasion.
    • What purpose did the special units of the Mongolian armies serve?
      They mapped the terrain to have a strategic advantage over neighboring nations.
    • What group(s) of people did the Mongols value/spare?
      Craftworkers, miners, and others with intelligence or skills. They were recruited to the Mongol Empire.
    • How did the Mongols take advantage of the conquered people?
      They incorporated the conquered people's technology and weapons into their military.
    • What siege weapons did the Mongols use?
      Cannons and portable towers.
    • What was the period of peace after Genghis Khan conquered most of Afro-Eurasia called?
      Pax Mongolica
    • How did Genghis Khan include the conquered people's traditions and skills into his military?
      By including scholars and engineers of especially Chinese and Islamic traditions.
    • What social policies did Genghis Khan implement into his empire?
      He has a policy of religious tolerance.
    • Why did the Silk Road thrive under Mongolian rule?
      The Silk Road was unified under one ruler and the Mongols secured the Silk Road, creating the third Golden Age of the Silk Road.
    • How did Genghis Khan try to unify his empire?
      He tried to implement the Uyghur alphabet but failed because the system wasn't established throughout the empire.
    • Who was Batu?
      A grandson of Genghis Khan. Batu also led the Golden Horde.
    • Why did Batu lose interest in conquering western Europe?
      Ogodei Khan, the Great Khan's successor, died and Batu attended his funeral.
    • What part of Europe did the Golden Horse conquer?
      Russia
    • What was the significance of the city-state of Moscow regarding Mongolian Rule?
      They raised funds to build an anti-Mongol coalition and rose up against the Golden Horde. They defeated the Mongols in the Battle of Kilukovo.
    • How did Mongolian Invasion contribute to Russia's growth?
      The Mongolian invasions prompted Russian princes to improve their military organization and to accept a centralized leader. This resulted in the development of Russian culture
    • Who was Hulegu?
      A grandson of Genghis Khan who took charge of the southwest region of Eurasia.
    • What empire did Hulegu conquer from c. 1200 to c. 1450 and what did he do?
      the Abbasid Caliphate; he destroyed the city of Baghdad and killed the caliph.
    • What two cultural groups made an alliance to defeat Hulegu's Mongolian army?
      Muslim Mamluks and Christian Crusaders
    • What was Hulegu's kingdom called?
      Il-khanate
    • What religion did Hulegu and most of the mother Mongols living in the Il-Khanate convert to?What was the result?
      Islam; the Mongols supported the massacres of Jews and Christians.
    • Who was Kublai Khan?
      A grandson of Genghis Khan who conquered Song China, creating the Mongol Yuan dynasty.
    • How did Kublai Khan adhere closer to Chinese traditions?
      Rather than enforcing Mongolian practices of leadership, Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty.
    • How did Kublai Khan inspire loyalty from oppressed groups such as Buddhists and Daoists?
      He implemented a social policy of religious tolerance.
    • How did the Chinese feel about Mongolian rule INITIALLY?
      The Chinese enjoyed Kublai Khan's rule because he brought prosperity and cultural and technological exchanges with other countries.
    • What type of society were the Mongols relatively?
      Egalitarian, meaning that women were relatively equal to men.
    • How did the Mongols treat the Chinese people in the Mongol Yuan Dynasty?
      Mongolian leaders alienated many Chinese and hired foreigners as government officials. They also distressed the scholar-gentry class by canceling the Civil Service Exam. The Mongolians remained separate from the Chinese and prohibited non-Mongols from speaking Mongolian. All of this was despite of Kublai Khan's adoption of many Chinese customs and policies of religious tolerance.
    • Why did the Chinese doubt the Mongols' power towards the end of the Yuan Dynasty?
      The Yuan Dynasty failed to conquer many countries such as Japan, Indochina, Burma, and Java. As a result, many Chinese thought that the Mongols weren't as fearsome as they thought.
    • What was the secret rebellious society that planned to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty called?
      The White Lotus Society
    • Who led the revolt that overthrew the Yuan Dynasty? What dynasty was implemented after that?
      Zhu Yuanzhang; the Ming Dynasty was established.
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