Paper 1

• what are the group 1 elements known as


  alkali metals
• what is the relative charge of a lithium

  +1
• what is the process called when it goes from a solid to liquid

  melting
• what is the process called when it goes from a liquid to solid

  freezing
• potassium is more reactive than sodium because potassium more easily looses an electron
• when hydrogen chloride dissolves in water what is produced


  hydrochloric acid
• when hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide react what is produced 


  sodium chloride and water
• what type of reaction is happening when the temperature increases

  exothermic
• sodium hydroxide is an alkali
• what 2 ions are in sodium hdroxide

  Na and Oh-
• what type of structure is silicon dioxide 


  giant covalent
• what holds the atoms together in a polymer chain

  covalent bonds
• polymer chains are held together by what type of force


  intermolecular forces
• explain why the magnesium alloy is harder than magnesium metal


  The magnsium alloy is harder because copper atoms are larger so the layers of magnesium atoms are distorted and therefore the layers cannot easily slide
• Aragon is a noble gas
• explain why no product is formed when magnesium and Aragon are heated 


  argon has a full outer shell so argon is unreactive as it does not need to lose or gain electrons
• What is the electron configuration of argon in terms of its outer shell?


  Argon has a full outer shell.
• How many electrons does argon have in its outer shell?


  Argon has 8 electrons in the outer shell.
• Why is argon considered to have a stable arrangement of electrons?


  Because it has a full outer shell of electrons.
• What does it mean that argon is unreactive?

  It means argon does not readily react with other elements.
• What is the significance of the energy level for the shell in argon?


  The energy level indicates that argon has a full outer shell, contributing to its stability.
• Why does argon not need to lose or gain electrons?


  Because it has a full outer shell, making it stable.
• What are the key characteristics of argon that contribute to its unreactivity?


  • Argon has a full outer shell.
  • Argon has 8 electrons in the outer shell.
  • Argon has a stable arrangement of electrons.
  • Argon does not need to lose or gain electrons.
• Why does sodium chloride conduct electricity when molten but not when solid


  In sodium chloride when it is solid the solid ions are not free to move but when molten they are
• why does sodium metal conduct electricity when solid


  sodium contains delocalised electrons which carry electrical charge through the metal
• how can excess copper carbonate be removed 


  filter
• copper carbonate and sulfuric acid react to produce copper sulfate, this is what type of reaction


  exothermic reaction
• potassium sulphate contains k+ and SO42- ions, what is the fomula for potassium sulphate 


  k2SO4
• What is the first step in the plan to find the order of reactivity for three metals?

  Measure the volume of hydrochloric acid
• Why is a polystyrene cup used in the experiment?


  It serves as a suitable container for the reaction
• What should be measured before adding the metal to the hydrochloric acid?


  The initial temperature of the hydrochloric acid
• How can the initial temperature of hydrochloric acid be measured?


  With a thermometer
• What should be done after adding the metal to the hydrochloric acid?


  Stir the solution
• What is the next step after stirring the solution?


  Measure the highest temperature reached of the solution
• What alternative method can be used to measure the temperature change?


  Measure the temperature reached after a set time period
• How is the temperature difference determined in the experiment?


  By subtracting the initial temperature from the highest temperature reached
• What should be done after measuring the temperature difference?


  Repeat the experiment
• What must be consistent when repeating the experiment for each metal?


  The same mass and physical state of the metal
• What should be kept the same regarding the hydrochloric acid during the experiment?


  The same volume and/or concentration of hydrochloric acid
• How can the results of the experiment be used?

  To arrange metals in order of reactivity