rivers

• What is the main topic of the overview discussed in the study material?

  The overview discusses rivers in the context of UK landscapes.
• Why is it important to refer to the specification when revising?

  It reminds us of what the exam board wants us to know.
• What are the key processes that interact to create river landscapes?

  • Erosion
  • Weathering
  • Transportation
  • Mass movement
• What is erosion in the context of river landscapes?

  Erosion is the wearing away of the land.
• What are the main types of erosion mentioned?

  The main types are hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and solution.
• What is hydraulic action?

  Hydraulic action is the force of water getting into cracks in the land.
• What is abrasion in river erosion?

  Abrasion is when water uses material and rocks to rub against the riverbed and riverbanks.
• What is attrition in the context of river erosion?

  Attrition is where rocks and material bash against each other, making them smaller.
• What does solution refer to in river erosion?

  Solution refers to some particles being dissolved into the water.
• How does weathering differ from erosion?

  Weathering is the weakening of rock in situ, while erosion involves the movement of material.
• What are the main types of weathering mentioned?

  The main types are biological, chemical, and mechanical weathering.
• What is biological weathering?

  Biological weathering involves plants and animals growing roots or burrowing into the rock and soil, weakening it.
• what is erosion?


  material being worn away
• what is transportation?


  material being moved
• what is deposition?


  when a river loses energy and drops materials
• what is hyrdoclauric action?

  erosion- when water removes materials from the riverbed
• what is abrasion?

  erosion- when rocks rub together and wear away
• what is attrition?

  erosion- when rocks and pebbles hit eachother and break
• what is solution?


  erosion- when rocks dissolve in the water
• what is traction?


  river processes- large rocks are rolled along the river bed
• what is saltation?


  river processes- small pebbles are bounced along
• what is suspension?


  river processes- fine materials are carried in the water
• what is solution?


  river processes- materials are dissolved in the water
• how do meanders form?

  occurs in middle course with faster water. as it flows around each corner, erosion is increased which causes undercutting, creating a river cliff. On the inside bank of the bend water moves much slower and there is much less energy therefore deposition occurs as the water can no longer carry the sediment - the build up of this sediment is called a slip-off slope.