Further Mechanics

• What does Newton's 2nd law state?


  F = ma
• How can the equation F = Δ(mv) be rearranged?

  It can be rearranged to FΔt = Δp
• What is impulse defined as?

  Impulse is the change in momentum
• When is momentum conserved in an interaction?

  Momentum is conserved when no external forces act
• What are the two types of collisions?

  Elastic and inelastic collisions
• What is conserved in an elastic collision?


  Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved
• What happens in an inelastic collision?


  Only momentum is conserved, and some kinetic energy is converted into other forms
• What is angular velocity (ω)?


  It is the angle an object moves through per unit time
• What is centripetal acceleration?

  Centripetal acceleration is experienced by objects moving in a circular path
• How can the formula for centripetal acceleration be derived?


  By using vector diagrams to analyze the change in velocity
• What happens to the momentum of an object if it is at rest before a collision?

  The initial momentum is zero.
• What happens in an inelastic collision?

  Some of the kinetic energy is converted into other forms, such as heat or sound.
• What is an example of an inelastic collision?


  An explosion.
• What is the formula for kinetic energy of a non-relativistic particle?


  Ek = $\frac{p^2}{2m}$
• What is the equation for momentum?

  p = mv
• What is the equation for total momentum before and after a collision?

  Total momentum before = Total momentum after
• What is the formula for angular velocity?


  ω = $\frac{v}{r}$
• How can you find angular velocity using the time period?


  ω = $\frac{2\pi}{T}$
• What is centripetal acceleration?

  Centripetal acceleration is experienced by objects moving in a circular path and is directed towards the center of the circle.
• What is the formula for centripetal force?


  F = $\frac{mv^2}{r}$
• What is angular displacement?


  Angular displacement (θ) is the angle turned through by an object.
• How do you find the final velocities of two colliding objects using their masses and angles?


  Use the momentum equations derived from the conservation of momentum and resolve into components.

  
• What is the significance of the radius in circular motion equations?


  The radius is a key factor in determining centripetal force and acceleration.
• How does the concept of angular velocity relate to circular motion?


  Angular velocity describes how quickly an object moves through an angle in circular motion.
• What is the relationship between linear speed and angular velocity in circular motion?


  Linear speed is directly proportional to angular velocity and the radius of the circular path.
• What is the definition of centripetal acceleration?

  Centripetal acceleration is the acceleration experienced by an object moving in a circular path.
• Why is centripetal force necessary for circular motion?


  Centripetal force is necessary to keep an object moving in a circular path and prevent it from flying off in a straight line.

  
• How does the mass of an object affect the centripetal force required for circular motion?


  A greater mass requires a greater centripetal force to maintain circular motion.