Verb Tenses, Divine Comedy, The lay of Cid & Modals

• What is the definition of tense in grammar?

  The form of the verb that shows when an action is done.
• What are the four main tenses of the verb?

  • Simple Tense
  • Perfect Tense
  • Progressive Tense
  • Perfect Progressive Tense
• What are the three types of Simple Tense?

  • Simple Past Tense
  • Simple Present Tense
  • Simple Future Tense
• What is the formula for the simple past tense?

  Subject + past form of the verb.
• What is the formula for the simple present tense?


  Subject + base form of the verb (s/es for third-person singular).
• What is the formula for the simple future tense?

  Subject + will + base form of the verb.
• What are the three types of Perfect Tense?

  • Past Perfect Tense
  • Present Perfect Tense
  • Future Perfect Tense
• What is the formula for the past perfect tense?

  Subject + had + past participle.
• What is the formula for the present perfect tense?

  Subject + has/have + past participle of the verb.
• What is the formula for the future perfect tense?

  Subject + will have + past participle.
• What are the three types of Progressive Tense?

  • Past Progressive Tense
  • Present Progressive Tense
  • Future Progressive Tense
• What is the formula for the past progressive tense?

  Subject + was/were + verb-ing.
• What is the formula for the present progressive tense?

  Subject + am/is/are + verb-ing.
• What is the formula for the future progressive tense?

  Subject + will be + verb-ing.
• What are the three types of Perfect Progressive Tense?

  • Past Perfect Progressive Tense
  • Present Perfect Progressive Tense
  • Future Perfect Progressive Tense
• What is the formula for the past perfect progressive tense?

  Subject + had + been + verb-ing.
• What is the formula for the present perfect progressive tense?

  Subject + have/has + been + verb-ing.
• What is the formula for the future perfect progressive tense?

  Subject + will have + been + verb-ing.
• Who is the author of The Divine Comedy?

  Dante Alighieri.
• What is Dante Alighieri best known for?

  His epic poem The Divine Comedy.
• What is The Divine Comedy considered?

  One of the greatest works of world literature.
• What is Dante Alighieri referred to as?

  The "Father of the Italian language."
• What are the three parts of The Divine Comedy?

  • Inferno (Hell)
  • Purgatorio (Purgatory)
  • Paradiso (Paradise)
• What does The Divine Comedy represent?

  The soul's journey toward God and salvation.
• How are sinners punished in Inferno?

  Souls are punished according to the severity of their sins.
• What is an example of punishment in Inferno?

  The lustful are tossed about by winds.
• What is the purpose of souls in Purgatorio?

  They are undergoing purification in preparation for entering Heaven.
• What theme does Purgatorio focus on?

  Repentance, self-improvement, and spiritual growth.
• What does the journey in Paradiso culminate in?

  Dante's vision of God, representing ultimate knowledge and spiritual fulfillment.
• What theme does Paradiso explore?

  Divine grace, enlightenment, and the ultimate reward for a righteous life.
• What are modals in grammar?

  • Special verbs used as auxiliary verbs.
  • Express functions such as:
  • Ability
  • Permission
  • Possibility
  • Obligation
  • Strong belief
  • Advice
  • Request or offer
  • Conditionality or improbability