The Blue Planet (Quiz 3.1)

• What is the name of the ocean that surrounded Pangaea?

  Panthalassa
• What does Panthalassa refer to?

  Paleo-Pacific Ocean
• Which ocean is located to the southeast of Pangaea?

  Tethys Ocean
• What geographical feature was created by the closing of the Tethys Ocean?

  Atlantic, Arctic, and Indian Oceans
• What are the seven seas of the world?

  • Southern Ocean
  • North Pacific Ocean
  • South Pacific Ocean
  • North Atlantic Ocean
  • South Atlantic Ocean
  • Indian Ocean
  • Arctic Ocean
• What is the hydrologic cycle?

  Circulation of water among oceans, air, land, and all living beings
• What is transpiration in the hydrologic cycle?

  Plants lose water through their leaves
• What happens during evaporation?


  Water is converted into vapor
• What occurs during condensation in the hydrologic cycle?

  Vapor rises to the atmosphere and condenses to form clouds
• What is precipitation?

  Clouds pour water droplets once they are heavy
• What is runoff in the hydrologic cycle?

  Water moves to land and enters a body of water
• What is percolation?

  Movement and filtration of water into layers of soil and porous rocks
• What is an aquifer?

  Porous underground layer where water is stored for long
• What is the water table?

  Upper layer that is permanently soaked in water
• What is the salinity of saltwater?

  Saline (with salt)
• What are planktons?

  Free-swimming microscopic organisms
• What are the two types of plankton?

  Phytoplankton and zooplankton
• What is the role of phytoplankton?

  They are primary producers
• What do zooplankton feed on?

  They feed on other planktons
• What are nektons?

  Strong swimmers
• Which organisms are included in nektons?

  Fish, turtles, squids, sharks, etc.
• What are benthos?

  Bottom dwellers
• Who are the decomposers in aquatic environments?

  Mostly bacteria
• What are the two types of decomposers?

  Sessile and motile
• What is the role of decomposers in aquatic ecosystems?

  They degrade organic compounds from dead bodies of aquatic organisms
• Where does 90% of all photosynthesis happen?

  In the marine environment
• What are the three zones of the marine environment?

  Coastal Zone, Open Sea, Deep Sea
• What characterizes the coastal zone?

  It has warm and nutrient-rich waters
• What is the open sea?

  No land is in sight
• What characterizes the deep sea?

  Dark, cold, with little dissolved oxygen
• What is the littoral zone in freshwater environments?

  Shallow zone where predatory insects and amphibians live
• What is the limnetic zone in freshwater environments?

  Farther from shore but close to surface
• What characterizes the profundal deepwater zone?

  Full of bacteria and worm-like organisms
• What are estuaries?

  Where rivers meet the open sea, favorable for hatching eggs
• What are wetlands?


  Where freshwater/saltwater and land meet, examples include marshes, swamps, and bogs
• What is domestic water use?

  Daily use of water in households
• How is water used in agriculture?

  Used in irrigation, poultry, and livestock
• What are the four types of irrigation methods in agriculture?

  Surface, trickle, spray, and subirrigation
• What percentage of water is used in industry?

  22%
• What is in-stream water use?

  Water use that does not divert from the source