GEN BIO PRELIMS

• Genetics - The scientific study of hereditary
• 1. Gregor Mendel - A 19th century (1800s) moravian monk, formulated his ideas of inheritance based on a simple hybridization experiment with pea plants (pisum sativum).
• 1. Mendel’s Experiments 
  2. Studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants. Understood that some traits are for shape, pea color, and other characteristics
  3. Bred plants of true purple flowers and white flowers. Deduced that each individual contains two discrete copies of traits that are passed on from parent to offspring. 
• 1. Trait

  • Defined as a specific characteristic. Example: Pea shape, Pea color, Pod color, Pod shape, Stem length, and etc.
• 1. Genes

  Parts of a chromosome that determine traits.

  • Term for the two discrete copies of traits contained in each individual passed from parent to offspring.
• 1. Outside vs. Inside
  2. Phenotypes

  What you look like outside

  1. Genotype

  • Your genetic makeup
• 1. Homozygous (purebred)

  Alleles are the sameEx: HH, hh, BB, bbBB = homo dominant

  bb = homo recessive

  1. Heterozygous (hybrid)

  Alleles are different.

  • All heterozygotes are dominant

  Ex: Hh. Bb, Ss
• Alleles different forms of gene (specific traits)
• Pedigree chart is a diagram used to track the inherotance of traits through generations in family
• Punnet square is a diagram used to predict possible genetic combinations and outcomes of offspring
• Sex influenced traits (influenced wherein the other gender can possibly get the trait)
• Sex limited traits (wherein 1 gender can only get the trait)