c2.2

• What is a chemical property?

  A characteristic of a substance that can only be determined by studying its chemical reactions.
• How do metals and non-metals differ in terms of electron behavior?

  Metals lose electrons to form positive ions, while non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions.
• What happens when metal oxides and non-metal oxides dissolve in water?

  Metal oxides produce alkaline solutions, while non-metal oxides produce acidic solutions.
• What are the characteristic physical properties of metals and non-metals?

  • Metals: Malleable, ductile, conductors of heat and electricity.
  • Non-metals: Brittle, insulators of heat and electricity.
• How can you test whether an oxide is from a metal or a non-metal?

  By dissolving it in water and using a universal indicator to observe the color change.
• What color indicates a metal oxide when tested with a universal indicator?

  Blue.
• What color indicates a non-metal oxide when tested with a universal indicator?

  Red.
• How do metals and non-metals react with each other?

  Metals do not react with each other but mix to form alloys, while non-metals react with each other to produce compounds that consist of molecules.
• Where are metal elements located in the Periodic Table?

  On the left-hand side.
• Where are non-metal elements located in the Periodic Table?

  On the right-hand side.
• What separates metals and non-metals in the Periodic Table?

  A zigzag boundary.
• What is the outermost occupied shell in an atom called?

  The outer shell.
• What do the rows and columns in the Periodic Table represent?

  A period is a horizontal row, and a group is a vertical column.
• What happens to the atomic number as you move from left to right across a period?

  The atomic number increases by 1 for each element.
• Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?

  Due to the arrangement of their electrons.
• What does the last number in an element's electronic structure represent?

  The group number in the vertical column.
• What is the electronic structure of oxygen?

  1. 6, indicating it is in Group 6 and Period 2 with an atomic number of 8.
• What is an ion?

  An electrically charged particle formed when an atom or group of atoms loses or gains electrons.
• How do metal and non-metal atoms form ions?

  Metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions, while non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions.
• What remains unchanged when an atom forms an ion?

  The numbers of protons and neutrons do not change.
• How can you determine an ion's electronic structure?

  By knowing the electronic structure of the original atom and the number of electrons lost or gained.
• What happens to the electronic structure of sodium when it forms a sodium ion?

  It loses its outer electron, resulting in an electronic structure of 2.8.
• How does a chloride ion form?

  It forms when a chlorine atom gains one electron to complete its outer shell.
• Why are atoms and ions with full outer shells considered stable?

  Because they have a stable electronic structure and are unreactive.
• What does an electron diagram represent?

  • The electronic structure of an atom or ion.
  • Circles represent shells.
  • Dots or crosses represent electrons.
  • Ions are shown in brackets with the charge at the top right.