Ch 7 Urinary System

• what are the different kinds of nitrogenous wastes

  urea, creatinine, uric acid
• functions of the kidney

  functions:

  1. filters wastes to form urine (200 quarts of blood filtered daily to make 2 quarts urine)
  2. maintain proper balance of water, electrolytes (sodium and potassium), and acids
  3. release hormones
  4. degrade and eliminate hormones from blood stream
• what hormones do the kidneys release

  renin - enzymatic hormone important in adjusting blood pressure

  erythrupoietin (EPO) - hormone that stimulates RBC production in the bone marrow

  calicferol - active form of vitamin D necessary for the absorption of calcium from the intestine
• what is voiding?

  urination
• how do kidney's produce urine?

  
  

  • enters through the right and left renal arteries
  • arterioles carry blood to capillaries
  • glomeruli filter blood
  • blood passes through the glomeruli
  • glemerular (bowman) capsule surrounds each glomerulus
  • renal tubule is attached to each Bowman capsule
• what are the 3 basic steps of the formation of urine

  glomerular filtration

  tubular reabsorption

  tubular secretion
• what is a nephron

  where glomerulus and renal tubule combine
• how many nephrons are in a kidney

  1 million
• where do all of the collecting tubules lead to from the kidney

  renal pelvis
• what is the term for the small, cup-like regions of the renal pelvis called (meaning cup case surrounding a flower bed)

  calyces or calices
• arteriole

  small artery
• calyx or calix

  cuplike collecting region of renal pelvis
• catheter

  tube for injecting or removing fluid
• cortex

  outer region of an organ
• creatinine

  nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
• electrolyte

  chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water
• erythropoietin (EPO)

  hormone secreted by kidney to stimulate production of red blood cells by bone marrow

  • poietin means a substance that forms
• glomerular capsule

  enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus (bowman capsule)
• glomerulus

  tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney
• hilum

  depression in the part of on organ where BV and nerves enter/leave
• kidney

  one of two bean shaped organs that filter nitrogenous waste from the bloodstream to form urine
• meatus

  opening or canal
• medulla

  inner region of an organ - marrow
• nephron

  functional unit of the kidney where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place
• nitrogenous waste

  substance containing nitrogen and excrete in urine

  • urea, uric acid, and creatinine
• renal artery

  BV carries blood to kindey
• renal tubules

  microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration
• renal vein

  BV that carries blood AWAY from kidney
• renin

  hormone secreted by kidney that raises BP
• trigone

  triangular area in the urinary bladder
• urea

  major nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
• ureter

  one of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
• urethra

  tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
• urination (voiding)

  expelling urine - micturition
• cali/o, calic/o

  calyx, cup shaped
• cyst/o

  urinary bladder
• glomerul/o

  glomerulus
• meat/o

  meatus
• cystitis

  acute cystitis - bladder contains blood as a result of mucosal hemorrhage
• nephr/o

  kidney