sport, society and culture

• What are the main factors influencing participation in sports?


  • Impact of the media
  • Commercialisation of sport
  • Gender
  • People (family, friends, role models)
  • Ethnicity and religion
  • Disability
  • Socio-economic group
  • Age
  • Education
• Why do fewer women participate in sports?

  Due to less media coverage of women’s sport and gender tagging and stereotyping
• How can people's attitudes influence sports participation?

  Others' attitudes can encourage or discourage participation, and role models can inspire individuals
• How can ethnicity and religion affect sports participation?

  Religious beliefs and festivals may affect how and when individuals choose to play sports
• What can increase participation among people with disabilities?

  By adapting or creating new sports and creating role models to challenge stereotypes
• Why might lower socio-economic groups participate less in sports?

  Due to lack of money, access to facilities, work patterns, and lack of free time
• How does age influence the choice of sports?

  Sports chosen vary with age due to physical limitations and the amount of free time available
• How can PE lessons impact students' attitudes towards sports?

  PE lessons can be inspiring or off-putting, depending on the quality and investment
• What is the effect of increased media coverage on sports?

  More media coverage can lead to increased participation and sponsorship
• What are the benefits of increased sponsorship in sports?

  Better development and better wages for players and officials
• What are some inappropriate sponsorship examples?

  Sponsorship relating to tobacco, alcohol, and unhealthy foods can give the wrong image
• What is blood doping?

  A banned practice of removing blood, freezing it, and re-injecting it before competition
• What are the effects of blood doping on performance?

  It increases the number of red blood cells, allowing for more oxygen and better endurance
• What are the risks associated with blood doping?

  It can lead to blood thickening, heart attacks, and blocked blood vessels
• What are the effects of spectators on sports events?

  • Crowds create an atmosphere
  • Home-field advantage
  • Pressure on performers
  • Requires planning and money for safety
• What are some causes of hooliganism in sports?

  Rivalries, alcohol, frustration, and masculinity
• What are some prevention methods for hooliganism?

  • Early kick-offs
  • All-seated stadiums
  • Fan segregation
  • Police/surveillance
  • Education
• What is sportsmanship?


  Playing within the rules, upholding the spirit of the game, and using sports etiquette
• What is a contract to compete?

  An unwritten agreement to comply with all rules and do your best
• What is etiquette in sports?

  Following unwritten rules and conventions, such as shaking hands
• What is gamesmanship?


  Gaining an advantage by using tactics that push the rules without breaking them
• How does sponsorship benefit sponsors?

  It associates the sponsor with a successful person or team, providing good advertising and profit
• What are the types of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs)?

  • Beta blockers: calming, relaxing
  • Diuretics: increase urination for weight loss
  • Narcotic analgesics: kill pain
  • Stimulants: increase alertness
  • Anabolic agents: increase bone and muscle growth
  • Peptide hormones (EPO): increase oxygen-carrying capacity
• Why do some athletes take performance-enhancing drugs?


  To improve performance, which can lead to more wealth and fame
• What are the risks of using performance-enhancing drugs?

  They can have bad side effects and risk reputation damage, fines, disqualification, and bans if caught cheating
• What are the benefits of new technology in sports?

  • Better equipment, clothes, and facilities
  • Improved safety and recovery
  • Performance analysis
• What are the drawbacks of new technology in sports?

  It can be expensive, may give unfair advantages, and can lead to pressure on officials
• How can new technology help officials in sports?

  It can help officials make better decisions
• What is a potential negative impact of technology on sports?


  It can lead to potential changes to sport rules and loss of players' privacy
• How can sponsors use breaks in play caused by technology?

  Sponsors can use these breaks to show adverts
• What are some concerns regarding advertisements during sports events?

  They can be boring for spectators and may only benefit elite athletes
• What are the pros and cons of technology in sports?

  Pros:

  • Better equipment and safety
  • Improved performance analysis
  • Fairer sport

  
  

  Cons:

  • Expensive
  • Unfair advantages
  • Pressure on officials
  • Potential changes to sport/rules
  • Loss of players’ privacy